A National Research and Education Network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

NRENs are usually the places where new Internet protocols and architectures are introduced before deployment within the Public Internet.^{[citation needed]} Two examples of these protocols are IPv6 and IP multicast. Two examples of architecture are client/server and Cloud computing.

List of NRENs by Geographic Area [link]

• East and Southern Africa
  • UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking - the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa
  • Eb@le - DRC NREN
  • EthERNet - Ethiopian NREN
  • KENET - Kenyan NREN
  • MAREN - Malawian NREN
  • MoRENet - Mozambican NREN
  • RENU - Ugandan NREN
  • RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN
  • SomaliREN - Somali NREN
  • SUIN - Sudanese NREN
  • TENET/SANReN - South African NREN
  • TERNET - Tanzanian NREN
  • Xnet - Namibian NREN
  • ZAMREN - Zambian NREN

• North Africa
  • TUREN - Tunisian NREN
  • MARWAN - Moroccan NREN
  • ENREN - Egyptian NREN
  • ARN - Algerian NREN

• West and Central Africa
  • WACREN - West and Central African Research and Education Network
  • GARNET - Ghanaian NREN

• Asia Pacific
  • APAN - Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
  • AARNet - Australian NREN
  • BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN
  • CSTNET CERNET NSFCNET - Chinese NREN
  • HARNET - Hong Kong NREN
  • KREONET- Korean NREN
  • ERNET CDAC - Indian NREN
  • INHERENT - Indonesian NREN
  • SINET - Japanese NREN
  • LEARN - Sri Lankan NREN
  • MYREN - Malaysian NREN
  • NREN - Nepal NREN
  • KAREN - New Zealand NREN
  • PERN - Pakistani NREN
  • PREGINET - Philippine NREN
  • SingAREN - Singaporean NREN
  • TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
  • Uninet - Thai NREN
  • VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN

• North America:
  • Internet2 (UCAID) - NREN of the United States of America
  • National LambdaRail (NLR) - United States NREN
  • ESnet - Energy Sciences Network
  • NCREN - North Carolina Research and Education Network
  • KanREN - Kansas Research and Education Network
  • CalREN - Californian NREN CENIC
  • CANARIE (CA*Net) - Canadian NREN

• South America
  • CLARA - Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
  • Innova-Red - Argentinian NREN
  • RNP - Brazilian NREN
  • REUNA - Chilean NREN
  • RENATA - Colombian NREN
  • CR2Net - Costa Rican NREN
  • CEDIA - Ecuadorian NREN
  • RAICES - El Salvadoran NREN
  • RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN
  • UNITEC - Honduran NREN
  • CUDI - Mexican NREN
  • RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN
  • RedCyT - Panamanian NREN
  • Arandu - Paraguayan NREN
  • RAAP - Peruvian NREN
  • CKLN - Caribbean NREN
  • RAU - Uruguayan NREN
  • REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN

• Europe
  • DANTE - GÉANT2 backbone network on behalf of European NREN
  • TERENA - Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association
  • CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association [1]
  • Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
  • [[AzScienceNet]]-Azerbaijan Science Network
  • ACOnet - Austrian NREN
  • BASNET - Belarus NREN
  • Belnet - Belgian NREN
  • BREN - Bulgarian NREN
  • CESNET - Czech NREN
  • CARNet - Croatian NREN
  • CYNET - Cypriot NREN
  • SURFnet - Dutch NREN
  • EENet - Estonian NREN
  • RENATER - French NREN
  • DFN - German NREN
  • GRNET - Greek NREN
  • HUNGARNET - Hungarian NREN
  • HEAnet - Irish NREN
  • GARR - Italian NREN
  • KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN
  • LATNET - Latvian NREN
  • LITNET - Lithuanian NREN
  • RENATER - French NREN
  • RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN
  • MARNET - Macedonian NREN
  • UoM-CSC - Maltese NREN
  • RENAM - Moldovian NREN
  • MREN - Montenegro NREN
  • PIONIER (PCSS) - Polish NREN
  • FCCN - Portuguese NREN
  • RoEduNet - Romanian NRENs
  • AMRES - Serbian NREN
  • ARNES - Slovenian NREN
  • SANET - Slovakian NREN
  • RedIRIS - Spanish NREN
  • SWITCH - Swiss NREN
  • ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
  • URAN - Ukrainian NREN
  • JANET (JANET(UK)) - United Kingdom NREN

• Scandinavia
  • NORDUnet - Nordic backbone network
    • Forskningsnettet - Danish NREN
    • FUNET - Finnish NREN
    • RHnet - Icelandic NREN
    • SUNET - Swedish NREN
    • UNINETT - Norwegian NREN

• Middle East
  • Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone
  • ANKABUT UAE NREN
  • IUCC - Israeli NREN
  • JUnet Jordanian NREN
  • Lebanon
  • Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority
  • Qartar FN - Qartarian NREN
  • HIAST Syrian NREN

• RUNNet RIPN RBnet- Russian University Network, Russian NREN
  • ASNET-AM - Armenian
  • AzRENA - Azerbaijan
  • BASNET UNIBEL Belarus
  • GRENA - Georgian NREN
  • KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN
  • KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN
  • TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN
  • UzSciNet - Uzbekistan NREN

Historical [link]

• Information superhighway
• vBNS

References [link]

External links [link]

• Overview of Uzbekistan NREN (UZSCINet) in CEENGINE newsletter [2]
• Overview of Ukrainian NRENs (URAN & UARNET) in CEENGINE newsletter [3]
• Overview of Albanian NREN (ANA-AL) in CEENGINE newsletter [4]
• Overview of Bulgarian NREN (BREN) in CEENGINE newsletter [5]

Annual Compendiums [link]

• Terena Compendium

Further reading and case studies [link]

• Research and Education Networking FAQ
• India - High Performance Computing Networks & NRENS.pdf
• Digital Divide & REN, Case of Bangladesh

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