Jelly roll

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Jelly roll (slang)

Jelly roll (battery)

The jelly roll or Swiss roll design is the design used in the majority of cylindrical rechargeable batteries, including nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion).

In this design, an insulating sheet is laid down, then a thin layer of an anode material is laid down, a separator layer is applied, and a cathode material is layered on top. This sandwich is then rolled up and inserted into a hollow cylinder casing. The battery is sealed, metal contacts are attached, and an optional button top is applied if the battery is intended to replace an AAA/AA/C/D alkaline battery. A label with the brand name is then applied, or a blank protective label, often green (NiMh) or blue (NiCd), for a generic or OEM battery.

The design gets its name because the cross section of the battery looks like a Swiss roll cake. Occasionally the design is also used for primary (non-rechargeable) batteries, although most primary batteries use the conventional rod-paste-tube design.

Đàn tứ

The đàn tứ (tứ meaning "four" in Sino-Vietnamese, referring to the instrument's number of strings), also called đàn đoản (đoản meaning "short," referring to the instrument's neck), is a traditional Vietnamese stringed musical instrument, a moon-shaped lute with a short neck, similar to the Chinese yueqin. It is little used today.

A different instrument with the same name, which is similar to the Chinese zhongruan, is used in Vietnam's tradition of nhạc dân tộc cải biên. About 1960s, Vietnamese musician improved đàn tứ's ability to play Western-style music by creating a rectangular body with longer strings designed for Western Diatonic scale. It now becomes much more popular than the traditional version.

References

English auxiliaries and contractions

In English grammar, certain verb forms are classified as auxiliary verbs. Exact definitions of this term vary; an auxiliary verb is generally conceived as one with little semantic meaning of its own, which modifies the meaning of another verb with which it co-occurs. In English, verbs are often classed as auxiliaries on the basis of certain grammatical properties, particularly as regards their syntax – primarily whether they participate in subject–auxiliary inversion, and can be negated by the simple addition of not after them.

Certain auxiliaries have contracted forms, such as 'd and 'll for had/would and will/shall. There are also many contractions formed from the negations of auxiliary verbs, ending in n't (a reduced form of not). These latter contractions can participate in inversion as a unit (as in Why haven't you done it?, where the uncontracted form would be Why have you not done it?), and thus in a certain sense can be regarded as auxiliary verbs in their own right.

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