Mughal painting

Mughal painting is a particular style of South Asian painting, generally confined to miniatures either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums, which emerged from Persian miniature painting, with Indian Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist influences, and developed largely in the court of the Mughal Empire (16th - 19th centuries), and later spread to other Indian courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and later Sikh. The mingling of foreign Persian and indigenous Indian elements was a continuation of the patronisation of other aspects of foreign culture as initiated by the earlier Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate, and the introduction of it into the subcontinent by various Central Asian Turkic dynasties, such as the Ghaznavids.

Origins

This art of painting developed as a blending of Persian and Indian ideas. There was already a Muslim tradition of miniature painting under the Turko-Afghan Sultanate of Delhi which the Mughals overthrew, and like the Mughals, and the very earliest of Central Asian invaders into the subcontinent, patronised foreign culture. Although the first surviving manuscripts are from Mandu in the years either side of 1500, there were very likely earlier ones which are either lost, or perhaps now attributed to southern Persia, as later manuscripts can be hard to distinguish from these by style alone, and some remain the subject of debate among specialists. By the time of the Mughal invasion, the tradition had abandoned the high viewpoint typical of the Persian style, and adopted a more realistic style for animals and plants.

Mughal

Mughal (also Moghul or Mogul), a word related to the Mongols, may refer to:

See also

Mughal tribe

The Mughals (Persian: مغول‎‎; Urdu: مغل‎; Arabic: مغول‎, also spelled Moghul or Mogul) are a number of culturally related clans of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In theory, the Mughals are descended from the various Mongolian tribes. armies that settled in the region. The term Mughal (or Mughul in Persian) literally means Mongolian. While the original ethnic Mongolians in Mongolia are entirely Buddhists, those in India are Muslims and have mixed up with native populations.

In North India

In North India, the term Mughal refers to one of the four social groups that are referred to as the Ashraaf.

Uttar Pradesh

In Uttar Pradesh (UP), their main clans are the Mongols, along with their servants and administrators Uzbek, Tajik, Kai and Chak. The Mughals of Uttar Pradesh belong to both the Sunni and Shia sects, with the majority belonging to the Sunni Hanafi sect. Sunni Mughals are usually orthodox in their religious outlook. The Shia Mughals of Awadh trace their entry into the region to the year 1750. The Mughals of UP are an endogamous community, marrying within their own community, or in communities of a similar status such as the Pathan and Muslim Rajput. The rural Mughals are farmers, and many own orchards, especially mango orchards, while in towns they are engaged in trade, handicrafts, and carpet weaving. Carpet weaving is an activity particularly associated with the UP Mughals.

Artò

Artò is a frazione (and parish) of the municipality of Madonna del Sasso, in Piedmont, northern Italy.

Overview

It is a village located some km west from the Lake Orta.

History

Since 1928 Artò was a separate comune (municipality).

References

External links

Media related to Artò at Wikimedia Commons

ART image file format

ART is a proprietary image file format used mostly by the America Online (AOL) service and client software.

Technical details

The ART format (file extension ".art") holds a single still image that has been highly compressed. The format was designed to facilitate the quick downloading of images, among other things. Originally, the compression was developed by the Johnson-Grace Company, which was then acquired by AOL. When an image is converted to the ART format, the image is analyzed and the software decides what compression technique would be best. The ART format has similarities to the progressive JPEG format, and certain attributes of the ART format can lead to image quality being sacrificed for the sake of image compression (for instance, the image's color palette can be limited.)

Usage by AOL

The AOL service used the ART image format for most of the image presentation of the online service. In addition, the AOL client's web browser also automatically served such images in the ART format to achieve faster downloads on the slower dialup connections that were prevalent in those days. This conversion was done in the AOL proxy servers and could be optionally disabled by the user. This image conversion process effectively reduced the download time for image files. This technology was once branded as Turboweb and is now known as AOL TopSpeed.

Art (given name)

Art is an Irish language masculine given name, originating in Irish mythology. Though, the English name Arthur is frequently shortened to Art, the Irish name Art is sometimes wrongly anglicised as Arthur.

Origins and History

The name originated in the Irish language and ancient Irish legends. The original meaning of the name is ‘bear’, but the word has been used only as a personal name and figuratively meant ‘a champion’. Many of the ancient legendary Irish kings had the name. Art Óenfer (Art the lonely), son of Conn Céadchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). Literature also has marvellous stories of Art Óenfer’s adventures seeking the beautiful Dealbhchaomh on the Island of Women, bringing her back to Ireland and expelling his evil stepmother Bé Chuma forever. Many of the ancient ruling families of Ireland honoured the name including the O’Neill Dynasty and the Ó Conchubhair Donn family.

People with the name Art