Surname

A surname or family name is a name added to a given name. In many cases, a surname is a family name and many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name". In the western hemisphere, it is commonly synonymous with last name because it is usually placed at the end of a person's given name.

In most Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, two or more last names (or surnames) may be used. In China, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, Taiwan, Vietnam, and parts of India, the family name is placed before a person's given name.

The style of having both a family name (surname) and a given name (forename) is far from universal. In many countries, it is common for ordinary people to have only one name or mononym.

The concept of a "surname" is a relatively recent historical development, evolving from a medieval naming practice called a "byname". Based on an individual's occupation or area of residence, a byname would be used in situations where more than one person had the same name.

Mubarak (name)

Mubarak (Arabic: مبارك‎, Mubārak) is an Arabic given name. A variant form is Baraka or Barack (Arabic: بارك‎, Bārak), analogous to the Hebrew name Barak— ברךּ— meaning "knee" or "kneeling" derived from common Semitic roots for the concept of kneeling in praise/to receive a blessing.Mubarak and Barack are thus the Arabic and Hebrew equivalent in meaning of the Latinate word "Benedict" (from Benedictus (disambiguation) "blessed" or, literally, "well-spoken").

Etymologically, the name is from the consonantal root B-R-K, meaning "knee", and verbally "to prostrate oneself", and hence "to receive blessing". The feminine noun barakah (بركة) means "blessing". In Islam, and specifically within the Sufi tradition, it has a meaning similar to "charisma". The Hebrew cognate is berakhah.

The Biblical name Baruch is the Hebrew cognate; see Book of Baruch for an instance of the name.

The name is sometimes written differently in different countries; for example, the last name of singer Shakira (a Lebanese-Colombian) is Mebarak.

Mubarak (disambiguation)

Mubarak most commonly refers to Hosni Mubarak, the former president of Egypt.

Mubarak may also refer to: