Eden, Wisconsin (disambiguation)

Eden is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Dorothy Johnston

Dorothy Johnston (1948) is an Australian author of both crime and literary fiction. She has published novels, short stories and essays.

Born in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, Johnston trained as a teacher at the University of Melbourne and later worked as a researcher in the education field. She lived in Canberra from 1979 to 2008, and currently lives in Ocean Grove, Victoria (Australia). She is a former President of Canberra PEN and a founding member of the Seven Writers' Group.

Awards

Bibliography

Novels

Short stories

Eden (newspaper)

Eden is an English-language newspaper published from Mile II Limbe, Cameroon. It is published by Senior journalist Chief Zachee Nzohngandembou under the CERUT (Centre for Rural Transformation) non-governmental organization. It was created in 2004 and has since been operating as a bi-weekly newspaper with publications on Mondays and Wednesdays. Its news articles extensively cover the entire national triangle of Cameroon, with stringing reports from other countries in the world.

Besides the newspaper, CERUT has Eden radio FM 98.1, Limbe, Sunday Eden, and Eden eXtra Magazine. Some of Eden's reporters include Ntungwe Elias Ngalame and Ndi Eugine Ndi (Yaounde Bureau), Ayang Macdonald Okumb (Buea Bureau), Ignatius Nji and Philo Happi (Bamenda Bureau), Jude Njinjuh (Kumba Bureau), Kowac Kum Kemayo Bandolo (Roving Reporter) as well as Solomon Tembang, the Desk Editor.

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Permanganate

A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate(VII) ion, (MnO₄⁻). Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the permanganate(VII) ion is a strong oxidizing agent. The ion has tetrahedral geometry. Permanganate solutions are purple in color and are stable in neutral or slightly alkaline media.The exact chemical reaction is dependent upon the organic contaminants present and the oxidant utilized. For example, trichloroethene (C₂HCl₃) is oxidized by sodium permanganate to form carbon dioxide (CO₂), manganese dioxide (MnO₂), sodium ions (Na⁺), hydronium ions (H⁺), and chloride ions (Cl⁻).

In an acidic solution, permanganate(VII) is reduced to the colourless +2 oxidation state of the manganese(II) (Mn²⁺) ion.

In a strongly basic solution, permanganate(VII) is reduced to the green +6 oxidation state of the manganate ion, MnO₄²⁻.

In a neutral medium however, it gets reduced to the brown +4 oxidation state of manganese dioxide MnO₂.

Production

Permanganates can be produced by oxidation of manganese compounds such as manganese chloride or manganese sulfate by strong oxidizing agents, for instance, sodium hypochlorite or lead dioxide:

Manganese(II) oxide

Manganese(II) oxide (systematically named manganese(2+) oxide(2−)) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale as a component of fertilizers and food additives.

Structure, stoichiometry, reactivity

Like many monoxides, MnO adopts the rock salt structure, where cations and anions are both octahedrally coordinated. Also like many oxides, manganese(II) oxide is often nonstoichiometric: its composition can vary from MnO to MnO_1.045.

Below 118 K MnO is antiferromagnetic. MnO has the distinction of being one of the first compounds to have its magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the report appearing in 1951. This study showed that the Mn²⁺ ions form a face centered cubic magnetic sub-lattice where there are ferromagnetically coupled sheets that are anti-parallel with adjacent sheets.

Manganese(II) oxide undergoes the chemical reactions typical of an ionic oxide. Upon treatment with acids, it converts to the corresponding manganese(II) salt and water. Oxidation of manganese(II) oxide gives manganese(III) oxide.