Miro (Mir, Mirio, Mirus) was the Suebian King of Galicia from 570 until his death in 583. His reign was marked by attempts to forge alliances with other Catholic nations with the goal of checking the power of the Arian Visigoths under Leovigild. During his reign relations were established with both Francia and the Byzantine Empire and the kingdom reached its zenith, but it collapsed within three years of his death.[1][2]
Miro enjoyed good relations with the Church during his reign. In 572 he called the Second Council of Braga, a supplementary council to the First Council of Braga of 561.[2] It has even been suggested, based on the lack of a signatory for the diocese of Dumio in the concilar acts, that Miro himself may have represented that see.[3]
Miro also maintained "intimate and friendly" relations with Martin of Dumio, the Archbishop of Braga and Metropolitan of Gallaecia.[2] Martin's principal work, Formula Vitae Honestae, is dedicated to him, and the Exhortatio Humilitatis, printed among Martin's works, is also probably addressed to him.[2] Indeed, Martin advised Miro's counsellors to read his Formula so as to be able better to counsel the king.[4]
In the same year as the council of Braga, Miro conducted an expedition against the Ruccones (Runcones) of Cantabria, possibly a Basque tribe,[2] with the intention of expanding his kingdom.[5] This attack on a people within the Gothic kingdom was perhaps an excuse for Gothic reprisals against the Sueves. In 573 Leovigild subdued the region of "Sabaria" (probably between Zamora and Salamanca) with the likely intention of preempting Miro.[5] In 574 he "restored the province [of Cantabria] to his dominion."[5] In response, Miro sent envoys Guntram, the Frankish King of Burgundy and a consistent thorn in Leovigild's side, but they were intercepted and detained on the way by Leovigild's ally, Chilperic I, the Frankish king of Neustria.[2][6]
In 575 Leovigild invaded the "Aregensian Mountains" near Ourense and captured "the lord of the region, along with his wife, children, and riches, bringing the region under his power."[6] Aspidius, the "lord of the region", may have been a Hispano-Roman landowner who had sided with the Suevi.[6] In 576 Leovigild again marched to the southern frontier of Galicia (the Douro) and menaced the small kingdom, even founding the city of Villa Gothorum (modern Toro). Miro sued for peace, and obtained it for a short time.[2] In 580 Miro endeavoured to support Leovigild's Catholic son Hermenegild in rebellion.[2]
For the events surrounding Miro's death, the contemporary and near-contemporary accounts conflict. According to Gregory of Tours, in 583 Miro led an army to raise the siege of Seville by Leovigild, but the two kings held a conference before Miro had reached Seville and he returned to Galicia, where he died shortly after, supposedly from the effects of the bad air and water of Baetica.[2] On the other hand, two Iberian chroniclers, John of Biclar and Isidore of Seville, concur that he died before Seville while assisting Leovigild with the siege of the town.[2] Modern scholarship favours Gregory's interpretation, taking into account Miro's alliances with Francia and Byzantium, Suevic animosity to the Goths, and the shared Catholic faith of Sueves and rebels.[7]
He was succeeded in provincia Gallacciæ by his son adolescent Eboric.[7][8] He also left a widow, Sisegu(n)tia, who married Andeca, who deposed Eboric and took to ruling in Gallaccia Suevorum regnum.[7][8]
Sources [link]
- Arias, Jorge C. "Identity and Interaction: The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans." University of Virginia: Spring 2007.
- "Miro." In Henry Wace and William C. Piercy, edd. A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature. London: John Murray, 1911. Reprinted as Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies. United States: Hendrickson Publishers, 1999. ISBN 1-56563-460-8.
- Medieval Lands Project. Spain: Vandals, Suevi, and Visigoths. "Mirón."
Notes [link]
- ↑ Arias, 67.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 "Miro."
- ↑ Arias, 59, who cites the Parochiale Suevum in support. The Parochiale refers to Ad Dumio familia seruorum, which is similar to sueuorum.
- ↑ Arias, 28.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Arias, 30.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Arias, 31.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Arias, 32.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 FMG
| Preceded by Theodemar |
King of Galicia 570–583 |
Succeeded by Eboric |
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Miro
Miro may refer to:
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Miroč
Miroč (Serbian Cyrillic: Мироч) is a mountain in eastern Serbia, between the towns of Donji Milanovac and Tekija. Its highest peak Štrbac has an elevation of 768 meters (2,520 ft) above sea level. Along with Liškovac, it is part of the Iron Gate gorge of the Danube river. It is located in the Đerdap national park.
In Serbian folklore, it is considered a mystical mountain with magic herbs to heal all wounds of haiduks, and the specific above of Vila Ravijojla (cf. the article on Vilas), the blood sister of Prince Marko.
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Miro Company
Miro is a game manufacturer in France. Its most notable publication is "La Conquete du Monde," the first version of Risk ever produced.
History
Miro was founded in Paris in 1936 by Fred Mirowitch and Leo J. Frankenthal. The company changed hands in 1950, after which it became the producer of French-language versions of Waddington Ltd. and Parker Brothers games. In 1980, Miro Company merged with Parker Brothers France and Meccano France under the name Miro-Meccano. In 1986, the company was acquired by Hasbro.
References
Suebi
The Suevi, (or Suebi, Suavi (Jordanes, Procopius), Suevians etc.), were a large group of related Germanic peoples who lived in Germania and were first mentioned by Julius Caesar in connection with Ariovistus' campaign in Gaul, c. 58 BC. While Caesar treated them as one Germanic tribe, though the largest and most warlike, later authors such as Tacitus, Pliny and Strabo specified that the Suevi "do not, like the Chatti or Tencteri, constitute a single nation. They actually occupy more than half of Germany, and are divided into a number of distinct tribes under distinct names, though all generally are called Suebi". "At one time, classical ethnography had applied the name "Suevi" to so many Germanic tribes that it appeared as though in the first centuries A.D. this native name would replace the foreign name "Germans".
Classical authors noted that the Suevic tribes, compared to other Germanic tribes, were very mobile, and not reliant upon agriculture. Various Suevic groups moved from the direction of the Baltic sea and river Elbe, becoming a periodic threat to the Roman Empire on their Rhine and Danube frontiers. Toward the end of the empire, the Alamanni, also referred to as Suebi, first settled in the Agri Decumates and then crossed the Rhine and occupied Alsace. This region is now still called Swabia, an area in southwest Germany whose modern name derives from the Suebi. (In a broader sense, their eastern neighbours the Bavarians and Thuringians can be said to have Suebic ancestry.) Other Suebi entered Gaul and some moved as far as Gallaecia (modern Galicia, in Spain, and Northern Portugal) and established a Suebic Kingdom of Gallaecia there which lasted for 170 years until its integration into the Visigothic Kingdom.
