Minoxidil

Minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication. It also slows or stops hair loss and promotes hair regrowth in some people. Now off-patent, it is available over-the-counter for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.

Medical uses

Minoxidil, applied topically, is widely used for the treatment of hair loss. It is effective in helping promote hair growth in both males and females with androgenic alopecia. About 40% of men experience hair regrowth after 3–6 months. Minoxidil must be used indefinitely for continued support of existing hair follicles and the maintenance of any experienced hair regrowth. It is the only topical product that is FDA approved for androgenic hair loss. Treatments usually include a 5% concentration solution that is designed for men, and a 2% concentration solution for women.

The drug is available in the United Kingdom over-the-counter.

Its effect in people with alopecia areata is unclear.

Side effects

Minoxidil is generally well tolerated, but common side effects include burning or irritation of the eye, itching, redness or irritation at the treated area, as well as unwanted hair growth elsewhere on the body. Exacerbation of hair loss/alopecia has been reported. Users should discontinue treatment and seek medical attention right away if they experience any of the following serious side effects: severe allergic reactions (e.g. rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue), chest pain, dizziness, fainting, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), sudden and unexplained weight gain, or swelling of the hands and feet. Temporary hair loss is a common side effect of minoxidil treatment. Manufacturers note that minoxidil-induced hair loss is a common side effect and describe the process as "shedding".