Ministry of Petroleum or Ministry of Oil may refer to:
The Ministry of Oil is the Iraqi government agency responsible for Iraqi petroleum. The Minister of Oil since 2010 is Abdul Karim Luaibi.
The Ministry of Petroleum is the Egyptian authority that supervises exploration, production, marketing and distribution of oil, gas and other natural resources. The current minister is Tareq el Molla.
The petroleum sector in Egypt consists of 6 state-owned entities. These are: Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company(EGAS), Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (ECHEM), Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE), and Egyptian General Authority for Mineral Resources.