Salt metathesis reaction
A salt metathesis reaction (from the Greek μετάθεσις, "transposition"), sometimes called a double replacement reaction or double displacement reaction, is a chemical process involving the exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species, which results in the creation of products with similar or identical bonding affiliations. This reaction is represented by the general scheme:
The bond between the reacting species can either be ionic or covalent. Classically, these reactions result in the precipitation of one product.
In older literature, the term double decomposition is frequently encountered. The term double decomposition is more specifically used when at least one of the substances does not dissolve in the solvent, as the ligand or ion exchange takes place in the solid state of the reactant, for example:
Types of reactions
Counter-ion exchange
Salt metathesis is common technique for exchanging counter ions. Starting from aqueous solutions of inorganic anions, one can use salt metathesis reaction to isolate salts that are soluble in organic solvents. Illustrative is the conversion of sodium perrhenate to the tetrabutylammonium salt:
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