Magma

Magma (from Greek μάγμα, "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. Magma often collects in magma chambers that may feed a volcano or solidify underground to form an intrusion. Magma is capable of intrusion into adjacent rocks (forming igneous dikes and sills), extrusion onto the surface as lava, and explosive ejection as tephra to form pyroclastic rock.

Description

Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance. Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700 °C to 1300 °C (or 1300 °F to 2400 °F), but very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 600 °C, and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1600 °C. Most magmas are silicate mixtures.

Environments of magma formation and compositions are commonly correlated. Environments include subduction zones, continental rift zones,mid-ocean ridges and hotspots. Despite being found in such widespread locales, the bulk of the Earth's crust and mantle is not molten. Except for the liquid outer core, most of the Earth takes the form of a rheid, a form of solid that can move or deform under pressure. Magma, as liquid, preferentially forms in high temperature, low pressure environments within several kilometers of the Earth's surface.

Melt

Melt can refer to:

In music

People

See also

Melt! (Siouxsie and the Banshees song)

"Melt!" is a song by English post-punk band Siouxsie and the Banshees. It was released in 1982 by record label Polydor as a double A-sided single with the song "Il est né, le divin Enfant" and is the second and final single from the band's fifth studio album, A Kiss in the Dreamhouse ("Il est né, le divin Enfant" does not appear on that album).

Content

The sensual lyrics of "Melt!" compare an intense sexual interlude with a lover to dying. Its lyrics can also allude to a S&M encounter ("...Handcuffed in lace, blood and sperm / Swimming in poison / Gasping in the fragrance / Sweat carves a screenplay / Of discipline and devotion...").

Dave Morrison of Select observed that "The Baudelairean imagery of 'Melt' evokes claustrophobic scents of opium, sex and sickly flowers, and lapses into morbidity with lines like, 'You are the melting man and, as you melt, you are beheaded'".

"Il est né, le divin Enfant" was an adaptation of a traditional French Christmas carol. This track was exclusive to this single, and remained unreleased on album or CD for many years until the appearance of the Siouxsie and the Banshees box set Downside Up in 2004.

Melt (song)

"Melt" is a song by British singer-songwriter Melanie C. It was released as the fourth and final single from her second solo album, Reason (2003), as a double A-side with "Yeh Yeh Yeh". The original plan was to release "Yeh Yeh Yeh" as the next single, but on 11 September 2003, Chisholm injured her knee in the TV show The Games and couldn't promote an upbeat song with an injury. "Melt", being an easier song to promote with an injury, was added to the mix, resulting in the double single.

It was released on 10 November 2003 but there were numerous problems. On most CD1s of the set, the track listing was accidentally swapped so that "Yeh Yeh Yeh" was the first track on the CD. Because of this misprint, and following strong competition on the week in single release in UK, lack of promotion, and distribution problems, the single entered the UK Singles Chart at number twenty-seven, sealing Chisholm's fate with Virgin Records and further hindering any hope for the album's success. The single sold just 10,000 copies. Melanie C performed the song on Reason UK & Ireland Tour.

Geology

Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).

Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.

Geologic materials

The majority of geological data comes from research on solid Earth materials. These typically fall into one of two categories: rock and unconsolidated material.

Country rock (geology)

Country rock is a geological term meaning the rock native to an area. It is similar and in many cases interchangeable with the terms basement and wall rocks.

The term is used to denote the usual strata of a region in relation to the rock which is being discussed or observed.

The following are areas in geology when the term country rock is used;

Geology (journal)

Geology is a publication of the Geological Society of America (GSA). The GSA claims that it is the most widely read scientific journal in the field of earth science. It is published monthly, with each issue containing 20 or more articles, and an annual total of 1166 pages.

One of the goals of the journal is to provide a forum for shorter articles and less focus on pure academic research type articles.

See also

References

External links