Medal bar

A medal bar or medal clasp is a thin metal bar attached to the ribbon of a military decoration, civil decoration, or other medal. It is most commonly used to indicate the campaign or operation the recipient received the award for, and multiple bars on the same medal are used to indicate that the recipient has met the criteria for receiving the medal in multiple theatres.

When used in conjunction with decorations for exceptional service, such as gallantry medals, the term "and bar" means that the award has been bestowed multiple times. In the example, "Group Captain Leonard Cheshire, VC, OM, DSO and Two Bars, DFC", "DSO and two bars" means that the Distinguished Service Order was awarded on three separate occasions. A common British convention is to indicate bars by the use of asterisks; thus, DSO** would denote a DSO and two bars.

Bars are also used on long service medals to indicate the length of service rendered.

The two terms are used because terms "bar" and "clasp" both refer to two parts of the medal; the indicator discussed in this article, and the part of the medal connected to the ribbon.

Bar, Montenegro

Bar (Montenegrin: Бар, pronounced [bâr], Italian: Antivari, Albanian: Tivar) is a coastal town and seaport in southern Montenegro. It is the capital of the Bar Municipality and a center for tourism. In 2011, its population was 40,037.

Name

Bar is a shortened form of Antivari, which is derived from the town's location across the Adriatic Sea from Bari, Italy. Variations are in Italian, Antivari / Antibari; in Turkish, Bar; Albanian: Tivari; Greek: Θηβάριον, Thivárion, Αντιβάριον, Antivárion; in Latin, Antibarium.

History

Ancient times

Local archaeological findings date to the Neolithic era. It is assumed that Bar was mentioned as the reconstructed Roman castle, Antipargal, in the 6th century. The name Antibarium was quoted for the first time in the 10th century.

Middle Ages

In the 6th and 7th centuries, Slavs occupied the Balkans. Duklja, a Slavic, or Serbian state, was mentioned in the 10th century. Jovan Vladimir (ruler 1000 - 1016), of Skadarska Krajina is the first ruler of Duklja whose history is known. Stefan Vojislav (ruler 1018 - 1043), the eponymous founder of the Vojislavljević dynasty, defeated the Byzantines in a battle on a hill near Bar. He made Bar his seat of power. Vojislav then expanded the area under his rule. Mihailo I of Duklja (ruler 1050 - 1081), Vojislav's son, established the Archdiocese of Antivari. He continued to fight the Byzantines in order to secure the town's independence. This led to a union of states known as the Serbian Grand Principality. From 1101 to 1166, the principality was ruled by the Vukanović dynasty. However, for much of this time, Bar was under Byzantine rule. In 1183, Stefan Nemanja conquered Bar and it stayed under Serbian control under the Nemanjić dynasty.

Bar (TV Croatia)

Bar is the local season of the reality The Bar in Croatia. The show was started on 2 August 2005 and finished on 1 October 2005, with a duration of 61 days. Nova is the channel was aired. The presenter is Marin Ivanović, "Stoka".

Contestants

Nominations

References

Bar (TV Slovenia)

Bar is a reality show aired by the commercial television station POP TV, in which contestants live in the same house for three months and compete against each other to see who can run a bar the best. With a small payment, viewers can follow the events of the show live on the show's website, as more than 20 cameras follow the everyday lives of the contestants. POP TV plays a recap of the day's events every evening except Sundays.

Each Wednesday, competitors rate each other's performance by assigning each other either pluses or minuses. The competitor who receives the most minuses, and the contestant chosen by the one with the most pluses, find themselves in the "hot seat" and must compete against each other on Saturday night. Viewers vote by telephone which one of the contestants will remain in the show. The competitor with the lowest number of votes must leave the bar. The bar manager directs the competitors.

Season 1

Competitors have run the local AS Lounge in Knafelj underpass in Ljubljana. The bar manager was Gaber Žgavc, the host is Bastjan Kepic .

Medal (band)

Medal were an English alternative rock band from Oxford.

History

The band grew out of earlier band The Daisies, who had been active since the early 1990s and released the album "Kowloon House" in the US on Capitol Records and the single "If I Was Barry White" in 1996 on Regal Recordings in the UK. They also toured the US in 1995 supporting fellow Oxford band Supergrass. The Daisies line-up of Jamie Hyatt (vocals, guitar), Mark Willis (guitar), Daniel Kemp (bass), and Simon Wickson (drums) were joined by keyboard player Richard Brincklow and the band became Medal and signed to Polydor Records. Early singles "Ordinary", "Possibility", and "Up Here For Hours" received a lot of airplay on BBC Radio 1, and saw the band compared to The Verve. The band's debut album, Drop Your Weapon, was released in June 1999 (on A&M in the United States), and support slots with label mates Cast, The Bluetones and The Dandy Warhols followed. The album prompted the description "Indescribably complicated and bewilderingly pretentious and that's only the cover" from the NME, who compared the album to Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon. After the Porno Song EP on Polydor, Kemp left the band (replaced eventually by former Fuzzgun bassist Ollie) and they were also dropped by Polydor, prompting them to set up their own El Producto label. After two singles, the band issued their second album, Stuntman, in 2001. The band split up soon after, without touring the album or any official announcement.