Mau Maunath Bhanjan
—  city  —
Mau
Coordinates: 26°N 83°E / 26°N 83°E / 26; 83Coordinates: 26°N 83°E / 26°N 83°E / 26; 83
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Mau
Population (2011)
• Total	2,205,170
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	275101
Telephone code	+0547
Vehicle registration	UP 54-
Sex ratio	978 (as of 2011) ♂/♀
Website	www.mau.nic.in

Mau (Hindi: मऊ, Urdu: مئو maū), formerly Mau Nath Bhanjan (Hindi: मऊनाथ भंजन, Urdu: مئو نات بنجن), nearly 90 km from Varanasi is the powerhouse of textile weavers in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.It is divided into 4 tahsils , 9 blocks,596 gram panchayats and 1644 villages It is a small industrial town on the banks of Ghaghra (Saryu). The Tamasa river flows through the city. The credit of converting this city to a district goes to the (late) Kalpnath Rai (former MP for Ghosi). In 1960s it was the biggest supplier of a plant called plash.

Etymology of the name [link]

Many myths are popular regarding history of Mau district. Popular opinion has it that the name Mau is considered to be derived from a bhojpuri word meaning "shiv and girja " (Hindi: garh, padav, chhavani). this is asur area asur mean dev generate lipi (language) Devnagri Lipi.

History [link]

District Mau are part district Azamgarh. That the region including this district was inhabited in ancient times is testified by the presence of old indigenous people like Bhars or Rajbhars, Soeris and Cherus who possibly represent the descendants of the aborigines of this area. Vestiges of numerous embankmerts, tanks, caverns and stone forts are found in this district which still bear out their energy and skill. According to a local tradition, the country of the Bhars, which was included in the kingdom of Ayodhya in Rama's time, was occupied by Rajbhars and Asuras. The Bhars have left behind them large mud forts of which specimens may be seen at ghosi are asur mud forts bhar.

has a very rich historical background from the protohistorical period.

During the reign of Sher Shah Suri, the famous emperor who had defeated Humayun, visited Kolhuvavan (Madhuban) to meet the great Sufi saint Syed Ahmad Wadva. Mahvani, one of the daughters of Sher Shah was settled permanently near the dargah of Syed Sahab. Various developmental works were undertaken by Sher Shah Suri during his reign for economic development of the Mau region. After Humayun had retaken India, mention is given in the historical book of Jiyaudeen Barni saying that his son Akbar the Great passed through Mau, on his way towards Allahabad.^{[citation needed]}

During the construction of a military base and the Shahi Masjid, a large number of laborers and artisans came with the Mughal Army. They, the weavers, etc. had originally come from Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey; they settled there permanently.

During the period of India's struggle for freedom the residents of Mau gave their full support to the movement. Mahatma Gandhi came to Dohrighat on 3 October 1939 during the 3rd salt law breaking movement; many persons of Mau actively took part.

During the 1942 Quit India Movement a mob had collected in outrage of an action by a Madhuban Police Station Officer; Collector Navlate was present there, he ordered his men to open fire on the mob killing and injuring raghunath,bhar, Kanhyee bhar etc. In memory of the shaheeds of that day a monument was built on the site were the shaheeds had made the ultimate sacrifice.

In the 1970s and early 1980s many people (like Jharkhandey Rai, Tejpal Singh) worked hard for social empowerment in Mau.^{[citation needed]}

Mau was an important township of Azamgarh district before its creation as a district itself. On 19 November 1988 it was made a district, largely due to the efforts of the Late Kalpnath Rai (MP Ghosi) The local language of Mau is peculiar to the area as it includes the dialects of Bhojpuri Persian, Turkish and Irani. The main Industrial setup here is of cloth making by powerloom due to the presence of a large number of weavers in the district. Sari, Lungi and other clothes being prepared there are exported to various states of India and also to various countries.

A village in Mau called Sonadih is famous for dhieru's way of studying in Baba Thanidas Ji Temple.^{[citation needed]} Sheetla mata mandir and vandevi are two important temples in Mau.

Geography and climate [link]

Mau(Mau nath Bhanjan) is situated on the fertile plains of the Ganges–Ghaghara doab. It lies between 83° 17’ to 84° 52' East & 24° 47' to 26°17' North. At its north, Ghaghara river is on the border, Ghazipur district is on the south, Ballia district is on the east & Azamgarh district is on the west side. This district represents geographical characteristics of mid Gangetic plain. "Khachari" and "Khadar" are types of soil found in the areas of north of Azamgarh - Ballia Road. In some high places "Bangar" soil is also found. In the southern part of the district, river flow is absent, due to which that area has Bangar type of soil, which is not fertile. The river system of the district is dominated by the Tons River and its tributary Choti Sarju. The Ghaghara River forms the northern border of the district. The main means of irrigation in the district are tubewells. Ponds are used mainly for fishing and bird sanctuary purposes. In Mau "Pakari Piua" pond have 1.7 km breadth and 32 km length. It also has two big ponds (Tal)one Ratoy tal near Madhuban and Garha tal near Ratanpura. Ground water can be obtained from 15 to 20 meters depth. Ground water is used for drinking purposes. Farmers use tubewell for irrigation purposes. Ghosi is the main town of mau district. sarvodaya inter college is a famous college in the city many professionals are the alumni of the college. Opposite to sarvodaya is Adam Public Convent School, one of the oldest English medium school of the area established by the family of earstwhile zamindars of ghosi. This school was founded around 30 years back and has produced a number of successful professionals of different fields. Most remarkably the founders of this school have free of cost educated a large number children who could not afford to pay. Rajesh Kumar a reknowed professional in sugar & alcohol industry also belongs to the district.in medical field it has second position after varanasi.here so many specialist in particularised body part.in such way FATIMA hospital is a live example for people. Talimuddin College is the famous college in Mau, which has given high class IT professionals working in Target, Wipro, IBM etc.

Economy [link]

• 2001 to 2011 Census the Population of the district is 2,205,170.
• The decennial rate of population growth during period 2001-11 is 18.88%.
• Human sex ratio in 2011 is 978.
• 19.9% of District population resides in Urban area.
• According to 1991 census sc/st population is 319,000 which is 22% of total population.
• Population density of the district in 2011 census is 1287/km²
• In 1997-98 total foodgrain production is 372,000 tonnes
• Net irrigated area is 1,120 km² & gross irrigated area is 1,530 km²
• Percentage of electrified villages is 88.1% in the year 1997-98.
• Per capita electricity consumption is 162 units in the year 1998-99.
• In 1998 -99 total number of rural & small industrial units are 61526.
• Total number of Handloom/Powerloom units are 58381 in 1998-99.
• Percentage of Literacy in the district is approx. 75.16% in 2011.
• Percentage of Workers in the district, according to 1991 census, is 33.2%.
• Number of dependents per hundred workers is 201.
• According to 1991 census, 68.3% of total workers were directly involved in agriculture.
• In 1996-97 per cultivator net sown area was 6,500 square metres
• CD ratio in 98-99 is 11.96.
• Length of metalled road per 100,000 population is 57 km.
• In 1998-99 teacher-Students ratio is

• Junior High School 44

• Senior Basic School 45.6
• Higher Secondary School 46.1
• Degree College 135.7

• No. of Allopathic Hospitals/Dispensary/PHCs per 100,000 population is 3.7
• Telephone connection per 100,000 population 275

Recent history [link]

Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi established two institutes dedicated to research on microorganisms (NBAIM) and for quality seed (DSR) at Kushmaur, Mau (www.nbaim.org).

Play Writer [link]

Laxmi Narayan Mishra (1903–1987) was born in the village Basti, district Mau.He was a popular play writer of HINDI. He was a theatre personality of Uttar Pradesh. His works became very popular between the 1930 and 1950.They were frequently staged by schools,colleges, and amateur groups. Laxmi Narayan Mishra is considered the founder of the problem play in Hindi theatre.

Peoples Representatives [link]

• Parliamentary constituency :: Ghosi MP  : Dara Singh Chauhan
• State Assembly consitituency:: Madhuban(353) MLA : Umesh Pandey
• State Assembly consitituency:: Ghosi(354) MLA : Sudhakar
• State Assembly consitituency:: Muhammadabad-Gohna(355) MLA : Baijnath
• State Assembly consitituency:: Mau(356) MLA : Mukhtar Ansari

Administration [link]

• District Magistrate :: Mr. Rakesh Kumar (IAS)
• Superitendent of Police :: Joginder Kumar (IPS)

References [link]

External links [link]

• District Website of MAU NATH BHANJAN
• Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 # Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)