Bios

Bios or BIOS may refer to:

Computing

Organisations

Media and entertainment

Bios (album)

BIOS is the third album of the Costa Rican music group Gandhi.

Track listing

I: STUDIO

O: LIVE

El otro gol

"El otro gol" (English: The other goal or The another goal), known in some compilation albums as "Y otro gol" (English: And another goal), was a song made by Gandhi in honor to the Costa Rica national football team that classified to the 2002 Fifa World Cup. It was first released as "Y otro gol" in the album ¡Si se pudo! then as "El otro gol" in Bios. The song features a prominent fusion between reggae, pop and rock.

BIOS-3

BIOS-3 is a closed ecosystem at the Institute of Biophysics in Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Its construction began in 1965, and was completed in 1972. BIOS-3 consists of a 315 m³ habitat suitable for up to three persons, and was initially used for developing closed ecosystems capable of supporting humans. It was divided into 4 compartments — one of which is a crew area. Initially one other compartment was an algal cultivator, and the other two 'phytrons' for growing wheat or vegetables. Later the algal cultivator was converted into a third phytron. A level of light comparable to sunlight was supplied in each of the 4 compartments by 20 kW xenon lamps, cooled by water jackets. The facility used 400 kW of electricity, supplied by a nearby hydroelectric power station.

Chlorella algae were used to recycle air breathed by humans, absorbing carbon dioxide and replenishing it with oxygen through photosynthesis. The algae were cultivated in stacked tanks under artificial light. To achieve a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide, one human needed 8 m² of exposed Chlorella. Air was purified of more complex organic compounds by heating to 600 °C in the presence of a catalyst. Water and nutrients were stored in advance and were also recycled. By 1968, system efficiency had reached 85% by recycling water. Dried meat was imported into the facility, and urine and feces were generally dried and stored, rather than being recycled.

Marionette

A marionette is a puppet controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a marionettist. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by using a vertical or horizontal control bar in different forms of theatres or entertainment venues. They have also been used in films and on television. The attachment of the strings varies according to its character or purpose.

Etymology

In French, marionette means "little Mary". One of the first figures to be made into a marionette was the Virgin Mary, hence the name.

History

Ancient times

Puppetry is an ancient form of performance. Some historians claim that they predate actors in theatre. There is evidence that they were used in Egypt as early as 2000 BC when string-operated figures of wood were manipulated to perform the action of kneading bread, and other string-controlled objects. Wire-controlled, articulated puppets made of clay and ivory have been found in Egyptian tombs. Marionette puppetry was used to display rituals and ceremonies using these string-operated figurines back in ancient times and is used today.

Marionette (software)

Marionette is the proprietary software developed and used in-house by Pixar Animation Studios in the animation of their movies and shorts. Marionette is not available for sale and is only used by Pixar. As a result, little is known outside Pixar about the detailed workings of this software.

Pixar claims that Marionette is designed to be intuitive and familiar to animators who have traditional cel animation experience.

Pixar chooses to use a proprietary system in lieu of the commercial products available and used by other companies because it can edit the software code to meet their needs. One example of this editing is shown in extra features of The Incredibles DVD; it is explained that previous versions of Marionette were not able to stretch models in the ways needed to correctly animate Elastigirl so the in-house Marionette development team created a new version that included this feature.

References

Marionette (film)

Marionette is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Carmine Gallone. It featured the onscreen debut of Marcello Mastroianni as an uncredited extra.

Cast

References

External links