Marie Haps

Marie Haps (1879–1939) was a Luxembourg-born Belgian educationalist, the founder of what is now the Institut libre Marie Haps.

Life

Born at Diekirch, Luxembourg on 29 April 1879, Marie Julie Frauenberg married the Belgian financier Joseph Haps and moved to Brussels. In 1914 she set up a soup kitchen, and in 1920 was one of the founders of a seaside resort for working-class women in De Panne.

The achievement for which she is best remembered is the establishment in 1919 of a school of higher education for young women. In 1930 this school took her name as its own, and in 1932 it was accredited by the University of Louvain.

Views

Rather than provide professional education for women, as was available in teaching training colleges and nursing colleges, Marie Haps wished to establish an institution that would provide general education to middle-class women whose futures would lie in their social roles as wife and mother. She regarded educated homemakers, the intellectual equals of their husbands, as having an important contribution to national reconstruction after the First World War. Her institute only began to provide professional education after the Second World War, first in training psychological assistants (from 1946) and then translators and interpreters (1955).

Haps

Haps is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the municipality of Cuijk, about 5 km south of the town of Cuijk.

Haps was a separate municipality until 1994, when it became a part of Cuijk.

References

External links

Coordinates: 51°41′N 5°52′E / 51.683°N 5.867°E / 51.683; 5.867

Haps (disambiguation)

Haps may refer to:

See also

High altitude platform station

High altitude platform station (short: HAPS) is – according to Article 1.66A of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A station on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth.»

Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily.

Limitation due to power

A HAP can be a manned or unmanned aeroplane, balloon, or an airship. All require electrical power to keep themselves and their payload functional. While current HAPS are powered by batteries or engines, mission time is limited by the need for recharging/refueling. Therefore, alternative means are being considered for the future. Solar energy is one of best options currently being used for under trial HAPS (Helios, Lindstrand HALE).

Laser propulsion (Lightcraft) might be useful as an additional ground based power source.

Altitude selection for HAPS

Whether an airship or an aeroplane, a major challenge is the ability of the HAP to maintain stationkeeping in the face of winds. An operating altitude of between 17 and 22 km is chosen because in most regions of the world this represents a layer of relatively mild wind and turbulence. Although the wind profile may vary considerably with latitude and with season, a form similar to that shown will usually obtain. This altitude (> 17 km) is also above commercial air-traffic heights, which would otherwise prove a potentially prohibitive constraint.