Mangral
The Mangral (alternately Mahngral, "Mungral",Mangarpal, Urdu: مہنگرال، منگرال) is a Rajput most elite class of rajput cast and the historical founders and rulers of Kotli and Poonch. Their ancestor Raja Mangar Pal was the founder of the city of Kotli in modern Azad Kashmir. The Mangrals ruled Kotli State until 1815, and ruled Poonch State until 1819, following which both of these states were incorporated into the State of Jammu
History
Sikh conquest of Kotli
The Mangrals ruled Kotli state for approximately four centuries until they were defeated by the army of the Sikh leader Ranjit Singh. Singh was referred to locally by the derogatory name 'Kaala Kaana' i.e. the black faced boz-eye - a reference to his dark complexion and missing eye. The Mangrals led by Raja Shah Sawar Khan initially defeated the Sikh forces in two battles (1812 and 1814), though at very high cost in loss of life.
The Sikh army returned in 1815 with 30,000 soldiers and a final battle ensued. Having lost many fighters, the Mangrals agreed to a compromise, giving up control of their city (then based in Baraali near modern Kotli) to Ranjit Singh. The rural areas remained under the control of various Mangral families as jagirs from Jammu, and they continued to be the landowners and collectors of tax revenues. This arrangement lasted until Pakistan's 1962 Land Reform Act, whereby the ownership of the land was transferred to the tenant farmers without compensation to the landowners.
Podcasts:
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by Mongrel
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by Mongrel
The Menace
by: MongrelFundamentally, you're a fundamentalist
Kinda guy who wondrin who the real terror is
You're a menace, You're a credit no-one
Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Religions are made evil, the way that we twist 'em.
OK, so now this war-mongerer claims to be a Christian
That's False. You see it if you only look,
Money's religion, and TV's the holy book.
If He's Christian, then Christians are getting a bit crazier.
He should know Iraq was once called Mesopotamia.
They tell a lot of lies that are hard to believe in
'Cause Mesopotamia was a Garden of Eden.
Systematically sadistic, sicker than sickle-cell,
Christian could turn the Garden of Eden to living hell
Kill women and children, claiming they're not civilians
Get on the TV and start brainwashing millions
Using innocent lives that died in them buildings-
To get soldiers to fight, but doesn't want that life for his children.
Hypocrite, a killer with the covenant of sinner
Governor of Government? Just a puppet on a string.
Terrorism? Take look in the good mirror
Beat around the bush, I'm a Bush whackin' Bush killer.
Don't believe, even though some people do
They wouldn't hate you if you didn't give them a reason to.
You say justice but that's just a lie
Religion's not the reason - just the way they justify.
You're a terrorist, giving birth to another terrorist.
The fact is fundamentally that you're the fundamentalist.
Fundamentally, you're a fundamentalist
Kinda guy who wondrin' who the real terror is
You're a menace, You're a credit no-one
Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Didn't have no guns in your wars, not one
Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
This one's for Kosovo, Iraq, Palestine and Chechnya
All those who passed in 911 in America
Afghanistan, Kashmir, Bosnia and Darfur
It's in our nature as the human race to start war.
Congo, Somalia, Eritrea, Rwanda
Lebanon, Liberia, Serbia and Uganda
Around the world so many children dead, and in vain.
I won't carry on 'cause there's too many to name.
Fundamentally, you're a fundamentalist
Kinda guy who wondrin' who the real terror is
You're a menace, You're a credit no-one
Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Four lucky young guns burn under
An Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Whether you from Battersea or Basra, From Oman or Canada
From Aberdeen or Africa. Camden or Addis Ababa
I do this for the mothers and daughters without running water
And the brothers tortured in lawless wars that leave countries slaughtered.
You say justice but that's just a lie
Religion's not the reason - just the way they justify.
You're a terrorist, giving birth to another terrorist.
The fact is fundamentally that you're the fundamentalist.
Fundamentally, you're a fundamentalist
Kinda guy who wondrin' who the real terror is
You're a menace, You're a credit no-one
Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Didn't have no guns in your wars, not one
Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Four lucky young guns burn under
An Electoral eclipse of your moral sun.
Didn't have no guns in your wars, not one