Mandora

The mandora or gallichon were both types of lute. The terms were used in different periods of history to refer to similar instruments.

Treble instrument

During the Renaissance, the term mandore was applied to the treble lute and in such usage it is difficult to distinguish from the mandola, the simple lute that is the ancestor of the mandolin. These were small instruments, strung with 4, 5 or 6 courses of single gut strings. This is the same as the Scottish mandora. For an article on the treble-range instrument, see mandore.

Bass instrument

Mandora can also refer to a bass instrument from the 1800, used in Germany and Bohemia.

James Tyler pointed out in his book The Early Mandolin that the word mandora was hardly ever encountered before the 18th century. Then, it referred to a large bass lute. The gallichone, as it was better known, was a type of 6 or 8-course bass lute (possibly a descendant of the guiterne and/or chitarra italiana) used, mainly for basso continuo, in Germany, Austria and Bohemia particularly during the 18th and early 19th centuries. It was also called the galizona or galichon. Tyler disputed that it was mainly used for continuo, saying it as used "both as a solo and as a continuo instrument".

List of ThunderCats characters

The following is a list of characters that appear in the American animated series ThunderCats, its 2011 reboot, and its related media.

Original ThunderCats

Jaga

Jaga (voiced by Earl Hammond in the original series, Corey Burton in the 2011 series) is also known as "Jaga the Wise" and is based on the Jaguar. This elder warrior was once regarded as the greatest of all ThunderCats by Lion-O himself. In his youth, Jaga was the Lord of the Thundercats, and rescued a young Hachiman from being trapped in The Jade Dragon (which later became a part of the Treasure of Thundera). An adviser and protector of the Lord’s family, Jaga wielded the "Sword of Omens" and was a formidable fighter in combat. After Claudus was blinded Jaga became the main guardian of the Eye of Thundera, the Sword of Omens, and the Treasure of Thundera. It was Jaga who gathered the nobles of the ThunderCats to escort Lion-O and the Eye of Thundera to safety, but did not survive the trip to Third Earth as he volunteered to pilot the damaged ship while the others slept. Because of this, Jaga died of old age. However, Jaga does reappear on Third Earth as a ghost (seen only by Lion-O at first) to guide him in his lessons and adventures. At times, he appears before the other ThunderCats as well such as when facing down Grune the Destroyer's ghost and when the ThunderCats need to rescue their fellow Thunderians. Jaga's physical body does reappear at one point during the original series in the episode "The Astral Prison" where he was trapped in another dimension, prompting Lion-O to travel there to rescue him from being held captive by an evil inhabitant of said dimension. His fate as a physical living entity after this was never revealed, but his spirit form continued to appear throughout the series.

Mandora (crater)

Mandora is a crater on Mars at 12.3N 53.7W. It is 59.4 km in diameter, and is named after the locality of Mandora in Western Australia.

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