Bonus

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Bonus (patrician)

Bonus (Ancient Greek: Βῶνος or Βόνος, died 627) was a Byzantine statesman and general, one of the closest associates of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641), who played a leading role in the successful defense of the imperial capital, Constantinople, during the Avar–Persian siege of 626.

Biography

Almost nothing is known of Bonus's origins or private life. In a panegyric poem dedicated to Bonus in 626, George Pisides calls him a "companion in arms" of Heraclius, possibly implying that Bonus accompanied him when he sailed from Africa in 610 to overthrow Emperor Phocas (r. 602–610). He is also known to have had an illegitimate son, John, who was sent as a hostage to the Avars in 622.

At this time, the Byzantine Empire was engaged in a prolonged struggle with its large eastern antagonist, the Sassanid Persian Empire. Over the previous twenty years, Persian armies had scored victory after victory and captured most of the Byzantine Levant. In 622, after securing peace with the Avars in the Balkans, Heraclius set out to campaign in person against the Persians. Bonus was left behind in Constantinople as the Emperor's deputy and guardian of his young sons, together with Patriarch Sergius. During Heraclius's absence on campaign for the next years, Bonus acted as the effective regent of the Byzantine Empire.

Bonus (Sirmium)

Bonus (Greek: Βῶνος or Βόνος) was a Byzantine general, active in the reign of Justin II (r. 565–578). He is known to have been situated at Sirmium, spending his career defending the Byzantine Empire against the Avars. He might have been a magister militum per Illyricum. The main source about him is Menander Protector.

Biography

Bonus is first mentioned c. 561, while in the service of Justin, son of Germanus. Bonus was tasked with defending the Danube limes against the Avars. He is mentioned at the time as a protostates (Greek: πρωτοστάτης τοῦ θητικοῦ και οἰκετικοῦ). His title might have been equivalent to a majordomo.

He resurfaces in 568-570 as a general. His exact position in the military hierarchy is uncertain, but the location of his activities at Sirmium, while still being in charge of the Danube limes, suggests the position of magister militum per Illyricum.

The spring of 568 found the Avars besieging Sirmium. Bonus was in charge of the defense within the walls and was wounded in combat. When negotiations started between the defenders and the besiegers, Bonus was initially unable to attend the meetings. The Avars started suspecting that their opponent was dead, forcing Bonus to appear to them in person. The Avars eventually agreed to lift the siege in exchange for a "gift" (payment). Bonus sought the approval from emperor Justin II.

Mana (drink)

Mana is powdered meal replacement drink. This Czech project was one of 30 semifinalists in Vodafone's 2014 Idea of the Year competition.

The name references manna, the edible substance provided by God in the Old Testament.

History

Mana‘s creators believe that a human body needs the basic nutritional elements rather than traditional food to survive and to prosper. And with that idea, they analysed recommended daily income for each nutritional element (nutrients, vitamins, minerals, etc.) and created a mix that contains every single nutritional substance needed by an average organism each day.

Krejčík started forming an idea for Mana after both of his grandparents died from cancer. During their treatments they had a hard time finding a good, nutritional alternative to hard to digest traditional food. Their death created a question of how different his and his family destiny will be, knowing they have the same eating habits. He also found out that Czech Republic is the leading country for colon cancer fatalities and that made him decided to change his and his family eating habits.

Mana (musician)

Mana is a Japanese musician and fashion designer, best known for a role as leader and guitarist of the visual kei rock band Malice Mizer. His clothing label, Moi-même-Moitié, helped popularize Japan's Gothic Lolita fashion movement. Mana is currently working on his solo project Moi dix Mois.

History

Biography

Mana was born on March 19 in Hiroshima. At an early age, he was introduced to classical music by his parents, who were both music teachers. Mana started making music when he was in high school, inspired by Mötley Crüe. His first known band was the underground band Ves.tearge in 1987, and he later joined the punk group Girl'e, which was active from 1989 until 1990. He was known in both Ves.tearge and Girl'e as Serina, and was also a guitarist for both bands as well. He then played bass for Matenrou (摩天楼, "Skyscraper"), which was active from 1990 until 1992. After leaving Matenrou in April 1992, Mana and guitarist Közi founded Malice Mizer in August. Mana was the band's lead guitarist, chief songwriter, choreographer and overall artistic director. He also founded his own indie music label, Midi:Nette, on which most of Malice Mizer's work was released. After Malice Mizer went on an indefinite hiatus in 2001, Mana founded his solo project, Moi dix Mois. He composes all of the music, writes the lyrics, produces, directs and designs the members' stage costumes.

Mana (Ivanjica)

Mana is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 227 people.

References

Coordinates: 43°31′29″N 20°14′12″E / 43.52472°N 20.23667°E / 43.52472; 20.23667