Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
L-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.
Malate plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate. It can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions.
Malate is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves. Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell. The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of the stomata.
30 avril 75
L'année du tigre dingue
Personne vraiment ne saura
C'que ça représente pour toi
Tous les chapeaux côniques
La fuite, la panique
Cette date, n'oublie pas
Le jour où Saïgon tomba
30 avril 75
Après 30 années de guerre
Sous un ciel de zinc
Tu as du mordre la terre
La honte, la folie
Sur les routes tu as fuis
Cette date, n'oublie pas
Le jour où Saïgon tomba
Oh oh oh oh... oh oh oh oh...
30 avril 75...
Cet avril est trop cruel
Pour Saïgon la belle
Tu as retourné ton arme
Contre ta tempe et sans larmes
Le drapeau, trois bandes rouges
Sur fond jaune impérial
Ne flottes plus sur la ville
Ce jour là, 30 avril
Si tous tes camarades
Sont partis dans la jungle
Tes enfants et ta femme
Sont partis dans les vagues
15 années de prison,
De ré-éducation
N'ont pas suffit à tuer
L'espoir de liberté...
Không bao già quên tu' do
Không bao già quên Thuyên Nhân
Không bao già quên Quê Hudng
Không bao già quên Sa
Và Khàng Chiên
Và Nhân Quyên
Và Giâi Phòng
Và Thudng
Và Quê Me
Va Tô Tiên
Và Lòng Tin
Và Gia D