Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP; /ˈɛmræp/ EM-rap) is an American term for vehicles that are designed specifically to withstand improvised explosive device (IED) attacks and ambushes. Armored vehicles designed specifically to counter the land mine threat were first used during the Rhodesian Bush War; the technology subsequently matured with the development of the South African-designed Casspir armored fighting vehicle, which inspired the United States MRAP program and was the basis for some of the program's vehicles. From 2007 until 2012, the Pentagon's MRAP program deployed more than 12,000 MRAPs in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan.
The MRAP design was first introduced in specialized vehicles in the 1970s built by and for the Rhodesian Army, and further developed by South African manufacturers, starting in 1974 with the Hippo armored personnel carrier (APC). The Casspir infantry mobility vehicle was developed for the South African Defence Force after 1980; this was the inspiration for the American MRAP program and the basis for some of the program's vehicles.
MRAP may refer to
MRAP stands for Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples), and is an anti-racist French NGO, created in 1949. Mouloud Aounit became in 1989 its first general secretary (1989-2004), then president (2004-2008), then member of the presidential college (2008-2011) not to belong to the French Communist Party (PCF).
Leaflet for the founding congress (1949).
Leaflet for the founding congress (1949).
Opening gala for the first MRAP Congress (1949).
Opening gala for the first MRAP Congress (1949).
Charles Palant (1949), former chairman of the Youth committee of LICRA, who became one of the founders of MRAP in 1949, and its General Secretary from 1950 to 1971.
Charles Palant (1949), former chairman of the Youth committee of LICRA, who became one of the founders of MRAP in 1949, and its General Secretary from 1950 to 1971.
On September 19, 1949, the newspaper Droit et Liberté (Right and Freedom) becomes the propaganda organ of MRAP.
yo dis is a freestyle to make me famouseafter dis yall gonna be lookin for uscuz im like illmatici spit like an aoutomaticwit differint tacticsyo watcha think bout disi wont pull a triggA illl just blow a kiss