MPL 75

The MPL 75 is the rubber-tyred electric train type used on the Lyon Metro's lines A and B. The entire fleet was built by Alstom (then Alsthom) and was delivered in two batches in 1978 and 1981. 'MPL 75' stands for Métro Pneus Lyon 1975; 1975 is the year the prototype was rolled out.

References

MPL 85

The MPL 85 is the driverless rubber-tyred electric train type used on the Lyon Metro's Line D. The entire fleet was built by Alstom (then Alsthom). The trains were delivered in 1988, but only entered service in 1991 (when Line D was opened). 'MPL 85' stands for Métro Pneus Lyon 1985; 1985 is the year of order.

References

MPL-50

MPL-50 is an abbreviation for malaja pehotnaja lopata-50 (Russian: МПЛ-50, малая пехотная лопата-50, small infantry spade-50). It is a small spade (50 cm (20 in) length), which was invented by the Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann in 1869 and used by rank and file military personnel in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and its successor states since late 19th century. While nominally an entrenching tool, MPL-50 saw a wide range of wartime applications ranging from a close quarters combat weapon to a cooking utensil.

History

MPL-50 was invented in 1869 by the Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann. In 1870 it was patented and supplied to the Danish Army. The next year it was adopted by the much bigger Austrian Army, and Linnemann founded a factory in Vienna to produce his spade. It was later introduced to Germany, France, Romania and Russia, though only Russia recognized Linnemann's patent rights, and paid him 30,000 rubles and ordered 60,000 spades. The MPL-50 remained almost unchanged through its history in Russia and the Soviet Union; attempts to introduce a folded-handle design not being approved.

MPL

MPL may refer to:

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