Permanganate
A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate(VII) ion, (MnO4−). Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the permanganate(VII) ion is a strong oxidizing agent. The ion has tetrahedral geometry. Permanganate solutions are purple in color and are stable in neutral or slightly alkaline media.The exact chemical reaction is dependent upon the organic contaminants present and the oxidant utilized. For example, trichloroethene (C2HCl3) is oxidized by sodium permanganate to form carbon dioxide (CO2), manganese dioxide (MnO2), sodium ions (Na+), hydronium ions (H+), and chloride ions (Cl−).
In an acidic solution, permanganate(VII) is reduced to the colourless +2 oxidation state of the manganese(II) (Mn2+) ion.
In a strongly basic solution, permanganate(VII) is reduced to the green +6 oxidation state of the manganate ion, MnO42−.
In a neutral medium however, it gets reduced to the brown +4 oxidation state of manganese dioxide MnO2.
Production
Permanganates can be produced by oxidation of manganese compounds such as manganese chloride or manganese sulfate by strong oxidizing agents, for instance, sodium hypochlorite or lead dioxide:
Manganese dioxide
Manganese(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula MnO
2. This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for MnO2 is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the zinc-carbon battery.MnO
2 is also used as a pigment and as a precursor to other manganese compounds, such as KMnO
4. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, for example, for the oxidation of allylic alcohols. MnO2 in the α polymorph can incorporate a variety of atoms (as well as water molecules) in the "tunnels" or "channels" between the magnesium oxide octahedra. There is considerable interest in α-MnO2 as a possible cathode for lithium ion batteries.
Structure
Several polymorphs of MnO
2 are claimed, as well as a hydrated form. Like many other dioxides, MnO
2 crystallizes in the rutile crystal structure (this polymorph is called β-MnO
2), with three-coordinate oxide and octahedral metal centres.MnO
2 is characteristically nonstoichiometric, being deficient in oxygen. The complicated solid-state chemistry of this material is relevant to the lore of "freshly prepared" MnO
2 in organic synthesis. The α-polymorph of MnO
2 has a very open structure with ``channels" which can accommodate metal atoms such as silver or barium. α-MnO2 is often called Hollandite, after a closely related mineral.
Manganese(II) oxide
Manganese(II) oxide (systematically named manganese(2+) oxide(2−)) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale as a component of fertilizers and food additives.
Structure, stoichiometry, reactivity
Like many monoxides, MnO adopts the rock salt structure, where cations and anions are both octahedrally coordinated. Also like many oxides, manganese(II) oxide is often nonstoichiometric: its composition can vary from MnO to MnO1.045.
Below 118 K MnO is antiferromagnetic. MnO has the distinction of being one of the first compounds to have its magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the report appearing in 1951. This study showed that the Mn2+ ions form a face centered cubic magnetic sub-lattice where there are ferromagnetically coupled sheets that are anti-parallel with adjacent sheets.
Manganese(II) oxide undergoes the chemical reactions typical of an ionic oxide. Upon treatment with acids, it converts to the corresponding manganese(II) salt and water. Oxidation of manganese(II) oxide gives manganese(III) oxide.
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- Eden 2 released: 2008
- Cafe Archy: Chillout Collection 4 released: 2008
- Backspin: A Six Degrees 10 Year Anniversary Project released: 2007
- Cinematic: Classic Film Music Remixed released: 2007
- History of Dance 3: The Oldschool Edition released: 2006
- The Ultimate Oldschool Top 100 released: 2005
- ID&T Classics 2 released: 2003
- Berlin Dance Parade: The Classic Housemixes released: 1999
- Techno House, Volume 2 released: 1999
- Serious Beats 25: The Saga of House released: 1999
- Hardcore 100: Best of the Best, Part 2 released: 1998
- Old School Hardcore released: 1997
- Parkzicht Classics, Volume III released: 1996
- Boccaccio Life released: 1996
- Art of Compilation CD 10 released: 1992
- Technoworld, Volume 2 released: 1992
- Move the House 1 released: 1991
- Serious Beats, Volume 3 released: 1991
- Serious Beats, Volume 2 released: 1991
Cafe Archy: Chillout Collection 4
Released 2008- Serande
- Soñando Contigo (Cappuccino mix)
- Depois Do Aplauso
- She Walks Alone (Frost & Wagner remix)
- La Esquina
- Un'Altra Notte
- All I'm Made Of
- Tu Es Foutu (Chillgrid mix)
- Diario De Viaje (Calexico mix)
- Same
- Sea of Glass
- Late Summer Rain
- You Only Light
- Kat Mix
- Fruta Vermelha
- Fly (Sunrise cut)
- Fashion Party (Charles Webster's Lots More Perc mix)
Cinematic: Classic Film Music Remixed
Released 2007- They Call Me Mr. Tibbs Main Title (King Britt Reinterpretation - Instrumental)
- The Taking of Pelham 1, 2, 3 (Phillip Charles' Signs in Mallorca Rewerk)
- Fellini's Roma (Bent remix)
- Goodbye Colonel (From a Few Dollars More) (Shrift mix)
- Love Theme From Ben Hur (Bombay dub Orchestra remix)
- The Tango I Saved for You (From the Film Gaily, Gaily) (Zeb's the Tango I Stole From You remix)
- Paris Blues (The Real Tuesday Weld remix)
- Birdman of Alcatraz (Shawn Lee's Ping Pong Orchestral Maneuvers in the Dark mix)
- Hour of the Gun Main Title (Mark De Clive Lowe remix)
- They Call Me Mr. Tibbs Main Title (King Britt vocal Reinterpretation)
- Some Like It Hot (MNO's Some Like It Hotter Remix)
- Theme From Carrie (Gaudi remix)
- Love Theme From Ben Hur (Bombay Dub Orchestra's Orchestral remix)
- Inherit the Wind Main Title (Tom Middleton's AMBA remix)
History of Dance 3: The Oldschool Edition
Released 2006- House of God
- Dominator
- Hold Me Back
- Magik Feet
- 88 to Piano
- Hocus Pocus
- Anasthasia
- Observing the Earth
- Rave the Rhythm
- The First Rebirth
- Quadrophonia
- House Nation
- Plastic Dreams
- Night in Motion
- Get Down Everybody
- Orgasmico
- El Punto Final
- Sueño Latino
- Hell's Party
- Sonar System
- Soushkin
- House of House
- Amok
- Bountyhunter
- Rave City (Lenny Dee remix)
The Ultimate Oldschool Top 100
Released 2005- The House of God
- Dominator
- Hold Me Back
- Magic Feet
- 88 to Piano
- Hocus Pocus
- Anasthasia
- Observing the Earth
- Rave the Rhythm
- First Rebirth
- Quadraphonia
- House Nation
- Plastic Dreams
- Night in Motion
- Get Down Everybody
- Orgasmico
- El Punto Final
- Sueño Latino
- Hells Party
- Sonar System
- Dream Your Dream
- House of House
- Amok
- Bountyhunter
- Rave City
Techno House, Volume 2
Released 1999- Dominator (Joey Beltram & Program 2 remix)
- Activ 8 (Holocaust 7" edit)
- This Is My House
- Asi Me Gusta a Mi (Esta Si, Esta No) (Tom Tom remix)
- Such a Feeling
- Get Ready for This (Wilde mix)
- Groove Is Hypnotizin (club mix)
- Rave This Nation (mix 1: Raw Substantial)
- Wanna Make Love to You Baby (Vorsprungdurchtechnikversion)
- Harmony (feat. Aki Murray) (Pacha-Mix)
- Germaniac 2001 (Analogical Climax)
Serious Beats 25: The Saga of House
Released 1999- Go (Woodtick mix)
- Spaceman (Trance mix)
- My Name Is Barbarella (Casper Pound & Peter Smith remix)
- Age of Love (Watch Out for the Stella Club mix)
- Acid Phase (original mix)
- Amphetamine (original mix)
- Brainticket II
- Love Stimulation (Lovemix by Paul Van Dyk)
- Cafè Del Mar (Cosmic's Baby's Impression)
- For an Angel (Pvd E-werk Club mix)
- Schöneberg
- Born Slippy
Hardcore 100: Best of the Best, Part 2
Released 1998- I Like It Loud (feat. The Ultimate MC) (original Mixx)
- Flesh Is the Fever
- Jealousy (Is a M.F.)
- Exlxaxl
- Don't You Want My Lovin'
- Brrrr
- Freedom
- The People Want More (feat. The Unknown MC) (original mix)
- Something Big
- Braincracking
- La Bambolina (The Stunned Guys remix)
- Terapia (DJ Ricci mix)
- It's Your DJ
- Once Again (Buzz Fuzz remix)
- Bad Motherfucker
- Up & Down Ballz (original mix)
- So Get Up
- Calling Earth (original Bonzai mix)
- Achtung! (Charly Lownoise & Mental Theo remix)
- E Loco
- Thunderground
- Severe Trauma
- XTC Motherf...
- Always Hardcore (original mix)
- Fuckin' Hostile (remixed by Disintegrator)
Art of Compilation CD 10
Released 1992- High (Cats Meow mix)
- Make It Mine (Hilltop mix)
- When You Dress Up for Me (Turn On mix)
- Breath of Life (Aire Clarke mix)
- Hypnosis (Un-Sampled mix)
- Float in a Dream of EX-TC (Beat the Clock mix)
- Tra-La-La (Happy Go Lucky mix)
- Milky Way (Stereo mix)
- God of Abraham (Catastropic mix)
- Go (Live at Poseurs mix)
- The Bouncer (Switch mix)
Move the House 1
Released 1991- Nocturne
- James Brown Is Still Alive
- Such a Feeling
- Let the Bass Kick
- Bumbrush the Sound
- God of Abraham
- Darkness Beyond
- Let's Make Some Fuckin' Noise
- Meditation
- Interstellar Overdrive
- Waves (House mix)
- Mindcontroller
- Blow Up (Move the House)
- Take Ya' Little Bit Higher
- Communism Is Gone (Jeltsin mix)
- Spacetime
Serious Beats, Volume 3
Released 1991- Le Seigneur Des Ténèbres
- Así me gusta a mí
- Get Ready for This
- Inssomniak
- James Brown Is Dead
- Waves
- Groove to Move
- Five O'Clock My Ass
- Charly
- Violet Skies
- Let's Get High
- Flesh ('91 remix)
- Free Your Body
- Mindcontroller
- Control the Universe
- Running Out of Time
- N'Aie Pas Peur
- Be Alright
- H.A.R.M.O.N.Y.
- Kick Back for the Rave Alarm
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Donde Jugaran Los Ninos
by: Man'aCuenta el abuelo que
De niño el jugó
Entre árboles y risas
Y alcatraces de color
Recuerda un rÃo
Transparente si olores
Donde abundaban peces
No sufrÃan ni un dolor
Cuenta mà abuelo
De un cielo muy azul
En donde voló papalotes
Ue él Mismo construyó
El tiempo pasó y
Nuestro viejo ya murió
Y hoy me pregunté
Después de tanta destrucción
¿Dónde diablos jugarán los pobres niños?
¡Ay ay ay!
¿En dónde jugarán?
Se esta quemando el mundo
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