MKP

MKP or mkp may refer to:

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Science and technology

DUSP6

Dual specificity phosphatase 6, also known as DUSP6, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP6 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates ERK2, is expressed in a variety of tissues with the highest levels in heart and pancreas and, unlike most other members of this family, is localized in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Upregulation of spinal MKP-3 has been shown to alleviate chronic postoperative pain.

MKP5

MKP5 is a member of DS-MKP family. Its structural features include the presence of an N-terminus (NT) domain of unknown function in addition to the MKB and DSP domains that are characteristic of other members of DS-MKP family. MKP5 shows preference for dephosphorylating JNK and p38 MAPKs but not ERK. It has been hypothesized that the novel NT domain is possibly a protein interaction domain that may be involved in interaction with other cellular proteins and thereby providing a mechanism for cross-talk between MAPK and other signaling pathways involved in regulating cellular functions. The NT domain thus suggests another element of complexity in the biological function of DS-MKPs.

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