Empathogen-entactogen

The terms empathogen and entactogen are used to designate a class of psychoactive drugs that produce experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with MDMA (ecstasy). This class of drug is distinguished from the classes of hallucinogen or psychedelic, and amphetamine or stimulant. Major members of this class include MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MDOH, MBDB, 6-APB, methylone, mephedrone, αMT, and αET, among others. Most entactogens are phenethylamines and amphetamines, although several, such as αMT and αET, are tryptamines. When referring to MDMA and its counterparts, the term 'MDxx' is often used (with the exception of MDPV). Entactogens are sometimes incorrectly referred to as hallucinogens or stimulants, although many entactogens exhibit psychedelic and/or stimulant properties as well.

Etymology

The term "empathogen," meaning "generating a state of empathy," was coined in 1983-84 independently by Ralph Metzner and David E. Nichols as a term to denote a therapeutic class of drugs that includes MDMA and phenethylamine relatives.David E. Nichols later rejected this initial terminology and adopted, instead, the term "entactogen," meaning "touching within," to denote this class of drugs, asserting a concern with the potential for improper association of the term "empathogen" with negative connotations related to the Greek root "pathos" (suffering). Nichols also thought the original term was limiting, and did not cover other therapeutic uses for the drugs that go beyond instilling feelings of empathy. The word "entactogen" is derived from the roots "en" (Greek: within), "tactus" (Latin: touch) and "gen" (Greek: produce). Neither term is dominant in usage, and, despite their difference in connotation, they are essentially interchangeable, as they refer to precisely the same chemicals.

Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine

Substituted methylenedioxy- phenethylamines (MDxx) are a large chemical class of derivatives of the phenethylamines, which includes many psychoactive drugs that act as entactogens, psychedelics, and/or stimulants, as well as entheogens. These agents are used as research chemicals, designer drugs and as recreational substances.

When referring to MDMA and its counterparts, the term 'MDxx' is often used with the exception of MDPV.

The base compound of the MDxx class is 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), and the prototypical agent of this class is 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). Other mentionables include 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"), N-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB; "Eden"), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (bk-MDMA; "Methylone").

Chemical derivatives

The compounds most commonly regarded as comprising the family of MDxx derivatives include:

In addition, there are a number of other compounds that, while in the technical sense not phenethylamine derivatives, still have some structural and pharmacological similarities to the methylenedioxyphenethylamines. This makes them useful for comparison.