Neuron

A neuron (/ˈnjʊərɒn/ NYEWR-on or /ˈnʊərɒn/ NEWR-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons can connect to each other to form neural networks. Neurons are the core components of the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and of the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Specialized types of neurons include: sensory neurons which respond to touch, sound, light and all other stimuli affecting the cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain, motor neurons that receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to cause muscle contractions and affect glandular outputs, and interneurons which connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain, or spinal cord in neural networks.

Neuron (journal)

Neuron is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of neuroscience published by Cell Press. It was established in 1988.

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Hartmann Neuron

The Hartmann Neuron was an electronic musical instrument designed and built by industry designer Axel Hartmann of the German company Hartmann Music in the years 2001–2005. The Neuron synthesizer used an Artificial Neural Network to create a digital computer model from sampled sounds, implementing a new synthesis technology which was developed by Stephan Bernsee at Prosoniq. This computer model could then be used to resynthesize a new sound, giving the player control over "musical" aspects such as instrument body size, material and other acoustic properties. This parametric approach is very different from the more mathematical approaches of other synthesizers.

Critique

Even though the instrument was awarded numerous prizes for innovation it was difficult to operate due to its limited display capabilities, which made adjusting the tonal qualities of a sound a tedious trial and error process. Given the very high price of the instrument (around 5000 USD) many people felt that manipulating a wireframe model of a sound only by ear did not allow for the amount of control necessary for such a complex operation. However, combined with a sample editor, the included Modelmaker software & MIDI control via sequencing, this difficulty can be somewhat rectified, albeit without the aid of the 3D image of the model.

M15

M15 or M-15 may refer to:

In politics

In science

In firearms and military equipment

In transportation

Second Avenue Line (surface)

The Second Avenue Line is a bus line in Manhattan, New York City, United States, running mostly along Second Avenue (and northbound on First Avenue since 1951) from Lower Manhattan to East Harlem. Originally a streetcar line, it is now the southbound direction of the M15 bus route, the busiest bus route in the U.S. with an annual ridership just shy of 17.5 million. (However, the M15 is the only route on First and Second Avenues, while the one-way pair of Madison and Fifth Avenues has a higher frequency of local buses past Central Park, split among four routes (M1/M2/M3/M4).MTA Regional Bus Operations, under the New York City Bus and Select Bus Service brands, operates the local out of the Tuskegee Airmen Bus Depot and the SBS is operated from the Mother Clara Hale Bus Depot. Service is operated exclusively with articulated buses.

History

The Second Avenue Railroad opened the line in 1853 and 1854, from Peck Slip on the East River north along Pearl Street, Bowery (shared with the Third Avenue Line), Grand Street, Chrystie Street, and Second Avenue to East Harlem. A short branch was later built along Stuyvesant Street and Astor Place to end at Broadway in NoHo. The Metropolitan Street Railway leased the line in January 1898, and on April 3 the line from Astor Place to Manhattan was electrified. The original line was later electrified to the Bowery, where streetcars used the Third Avenue Line to City Hall, and the line to Peck Slip was abandoned. Buses were substituted for streetcars by the East Side Omnibus Corporation on June 25, 1933. The New York City Board of Transportation took over operations in 1948, with the New York City Transit Authority replacing it in 1953. In 1974, the M15 was chosen to be one of the first routes to operate Limited stop service. The new service would act as an express version of the M15, only stopping at major attractions and transfer points north of Houston Street.

M15 motorway (Hungary)

The M15 motorway is a Hungarian motorway connects the M1 motorway to Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. The Hungary-Slovakia border crossing is at Rajka (Hungary) and Čunovo (Slovakia).

The M15 motorway is a somewhat peculiar motorway since it does feature grade separation like all motorways, but does not feature four lanes. It is planned that by 2015 the M15 will be upgraded to four lanes.

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