Kōan (Muromachi period)
Kōan (康安) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Enbun and before Jōji. This period spanned the years from March 1361 through September 1362. The emperor in Kyoto was Go-Kōgon-tennō (後光厳天皇). Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was Go-Murakami-tennō (後村上天皇)
Nanboku-chō overview
During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court (南朝, nanchō) had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.
Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession.
Lonely (2NE1 song)
"Lonely" is the second single by South Korean girl group 2NE1 from their 2011 extended play, 2NE1. Later that year, a Japanese version of the song was released and was included on their first Japanese EP Nolza. A short version of the music video was uploaded through 2NE1's official YouTube account.
Background
The song was written and produced by Teddy Park. According to the CEO of YG Entertainment, Yang Hyun Suk, "2NE1’s new song counter feeds the people with an analogue sound unlike the majority who used strong electronics and house music and maybe that is why Will I. Am have [sic] found it interesting". They also released teasers of "Lonely" starting with CL and Minzy on May 9, and Dara and Bom on May 10. The music video was released on May 11, 2011.
Chart performance
By the end of 2011, "Lonely" was downloaded 2,935,930 times, and reached the fourteenth position in the 2011 Gaon Year-End Chart, becoming the third-highest charting of 2NE1's 2011 singles.
Music video
The music video for "Lonely" was filmed April 27, 2011, directed by Han Samin, who directed the music video for Big Bang's fourth mini-special album's title song, "Love Song". The video was posted on their YouTube account on May 11, 2011.
Lonely (Merril Bainbridge song)
"Lonely" is a pop song written by Merril Bainbridge and Owen Bolwell, produced by Siew for Bainbridge's second album Between the Days (1998). It was released as the album's first single in Australia in April 1998 and the United States and Japan in August 1998 (see 1998 in music) as a CD single. The bridge of the song samples the lyrics from the nursery rhyme "Georgie Porgie".
The song made its debut to the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number seventy-four, making the song Bainbridge's fifth song to reach the top one hundred. On its second week it fell three places to seventy-seven but by the next week the song jumped nine places to sixty-eight and after six weeks of being in the chart it broke the top fifty at number forty-eight. After two weeks of being in the top fifty the song peaked at its peak position in Australia at number forty, then dropping out of the top fifty the next week. The song spent a total of three weeks in the top fifty and seventeen weeks in the top one hundred.
Lonely (Akon song)
"Lonely" (also known as "Mr. Lonely") is a song by Senegalese-American R&B and hip hop singer Akon; it appears on his debut album, Trouble. The single was released in 2005 and was his first worldwide hit. It reached number one in several countries, including in the United Kingdom and Germany (where it stayed there for eight weeks), and Australia. It was also highly popular in France where it reached number two, and in the United States when it peaked at #4. An edited version was on Radio Disney and on Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 8.
Background
When Akon was signed by Universal imprint SRC Records it was "Lonely" that had immediately caught the attention of SRC A&R Jerome Foster and convinced him of Akon's talents. On hearing the demo track he had said, "This kid is official - this is a huge record." Despite offering the album's best option in terms of commercial breakthrough, SRC Records chose "Locked Up" over "Lonely" as the first single because SRC wanted to break Akon in the streets first and work towards a cross-over. According to Foster in an interview with HitQuarters, ""Locked Up" is a street record. I thought that was the place for us to start to get a fan-base knowing that we had a record like "Lonely", which was more commercial, to follow it."
Wolf (Tyler, The Creator album)
Wolf is the second studio album by Odd Future leader Tyler, The Creator; it was released on April 2, 2013, by Odd Future Records and RED Distribution. Wolf is a set in a different direction compared to his other material. Bastard (2009) and Goblin (2011) respectively featured more violent content, while this album features a more production based sound and different themes.
The album features guest appearances by Frank Ocean, Mike G, Domo Genesis, Earl Sweatshirt, Left Brain, Hodgy Beats, Erykah Badu, Casey Veggies and Pharrell. The album is produced solely by Tyler, The Creator, except for the final track "Lone". The album was supported by a sole single "Domo23" along with additional music videos for "Bimmer", "IFHY", "Jamba", "Tamale" and "Answer".
Upon its release, Wolf received generally positive reviews from critics. The album debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200, selling 89,000 copies in its first week.
Background and themes
In November 2011, in an interview with Spin, Tyler expressed wanting to shift away from the themes of his previous albums stating,
South Devon Railway Eagle class
The Eagle class were sixteen 4-4-0 saddle tank broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway, Cornwall Railway and associated adjacent railways. They were designed for passenger trains on this steep and sharply curved line but were also used on goods trains when required.
They were ordered by Evans, Walker and Gooch who were contracted to operate the locomotives for both the railways. They were designed by Daniel Gooch a development of his earlier Comet class with slightly smaller wheels and larger tanks containing 1,100 gallons, a 37.5% increase, and built by Slaughter, Grüning and Company.
From 1 July 1866 the locomotives were bought by the South Devon Railway, after which they were operated as a combined fleet over both railways, but they continued to be accounted to their original owner. On 1 February 1876 the South Devon Railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway, the locomotives were given numbers by their new owners but continued to carry their names too.
XOXO (album)
XOXO is the first studio album by South Korean-Chinese boy band Exo, released on June 3, 2013 by S.M. Entertainment. The album is a follow-up to the group's debut EP, Mama (2012). Like all of the group's music, the album was released in two versions – a Korean "Kiss" edition and a Chinese "Hug" edition.
Two singles were released from XOXO: "Wolf" and "Growl", the latter being the lead single off the album's repackaged version released on August 5, 2013. Both singles went to chart in the top ten of the Gaon Singles Chart, and "Growl" peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Korea K-Pop Hot 100. The album won Album of the Year at the 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards and sold over 1 million copies, becoming the best-selling album in Korea since 2001.
Background
The album's lead single, "늑대와 미녀" ("The Wolf and the Beauty"), known in English as simply "Wolf", was composed by Will Simms, Nermin Harambasic from Dsign Music and S.M. Entertainment resident songwriter Kenzie. Kenzie also provided the lyrics for the Korean version of the song while Zhou Weijie penned the lyrics for the Mandarin Chinese version, "狼与美女". Yoo Young-jin provides background vocals. The dance for the song was choreographed by Tony Testa. In several shows such as Arirang's After School Club, the members explain that the dance has 3 elements: the trees and forest, the caves, and the wolf itself. Member Kris revealed that it took them approximately 3 to 4 months to get the choreography down, due to its level of difficulty. A demo version of the song was leaked in February 2013, in response to which producer Ryan Jhun later gave a warning to illegal downloaders on May 29, 2013, "...I will report it to FBI and service department for all links...".
Podcasts:
