Lone pair

In chemistry, a lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and is sometimes called a non-bonding pair. Lone pairs are found in the outermost electron shell of atoms. They can be identified by using a Lewis structure. Electron pairs are therefore considered lone pairs if two electrons are paired but are not used in chemical bonding. Thus, the number of lone pair electrons plus the number of bonding electrons equals the total number of valence electrons around an atom.

Lone pairs are a concept used in VSEPR theory which explains the shapes of molecules. They are also referred to in the chemistry of Lewis acids and bases. However not all non-bonding pairs of electrons are considered by chemists to be lone pairs. Examples are the transition metals where the non-bonding pairs do not influence molecular geometry and are said to be stereochemically inactive.

A single lone pair can be found with atoms in the nitrogen group such as nitrogen in ammonia, two lone pairs can be found with atoms in the chalcogen group such as oxygen in water and the halogens can carry three lone pairs such as in hydrogen chloride.

Pair

Pair may refer to:

Medicine

Pair (parliamentary convention)

In parliamentary practice, pairing is an informal arrangement between the government and opposition parties whereby a member of a House of Parliament agrees or is designated by the party whip to abstain from voting while a member of the other party needs to be absent from the House due to other commitments, illness, travel problems, etc. A pairing would usually be arranged or approved by the party whips and will usually not apply for critical votes, such as no-confidence votes.

The member abstaining from voting is referred to as a pair. In the United States, pairing is an informal arrangement between members and the pairs are called live pairs.

An alternative method of maintaining the relative voting positions of parties in a legislative body is proxy voting, which is used, for example, in New Zealand.

Examples

Australia

In Australia, following the 2010 federal election, the Gillard Government formed a minority government with the support of a number of votes from minor parties and independents, and the Opposition refused to grant automatic pairing, leading to some embarrassment and reversals for the opposition when, for example, a pair was initially not given for a member to care for her sick baby or to attend at the birth of his baby.

Ordered pair

In mathematics, an ordered pair (a, b) is a pair of mathematical objects. The order in which the objects appear in the pair is significant: the ordered pair (a, b) is different from the ordered pair (b, a) unless a = b. (In contrast, the unordered pair {a, b} equals the unordered pair {b, a}.)

Ordered pairs are also called 2-tuples, or sequences of length 2; ordered pairs of scalars are also called 2-dimensional vectors. The entries of an ordered pair can be other ordered pairs, enabling the recursive definition of ordered n-tuples (ordered lists of n objects). For example, the ordered triple (a,b,c) can be defined as (a, (b,c)), i.e., as one pair nested in another.

In the ordered pair (a, b), the object a is called the first entry, and the object b the second entry of the pair. Alternatively, the objects are called the first and second coordinates, or the left and right projections of the ordered pair.

Cartesian products and binary relations (and hence functions) are defined in terms of ordered pairs.

Lone

Lone (Kashmiri: लोन (Devanagari), لون (Nastaleeq)) is a Kashmiri tribe in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The caste belongs to the Kshatria order.

The Lone tribe is based mainly in northern Kashmir, although in the past few centuries there has been gradual diffusion of the tribe throughout the valley of Kashmir. However, now the tribe also is concentrated in the Kupwara district of the Kashmir valley.

In 1911 census, the total LONE population in the state of Jammu & Kashmir was, 51931. 8126 in Jammu division, 354 in Gilgit & Biltistan and the rest in Kashmir division .

Although the vast majority of the Lone tribe speak Kashmiri as their mother tongue, significant numbers speak Shina, especially those who live in the Gurez valley.

A significant number of Kashmiris of Lone tribe live in central and northern Punjab regions of Pakistan in cities such as Lahore, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum and Rawalpindi, in Punjab there has been a gradual tendency among kashmiri Muslim immigrants to use Butt as their surname which include people from Kashmiri Lone tribe too.

Lone (river)

The Lone is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

See also

Coordinates: 48°34′N 10°12′E / 48.567°N 10.200°E / 48.567; 10.200

Lone (disambiguation)

Lone is a Kashmiri tribe.

Lone may also refer to:

People

Places

Other uses