Liu Zongzhou

Liu Zongzhou (simplified Chinese: 刘宗周; traditional Chinese: 劉宗周; pinyin: Liú Zōngzhōu, 1578–1645), also known as Liu Jishan (simplified Chinese: 刘蕺山; traditional Chinese: 劉蕺山), was a Confucian scholar from the Ming dynasty, born in Shanyin, Shaoxing. He is considered the last master of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism and is known for his criticism of the teachings of Wang Yangming. Grieved at the fall of the Ming dynasty to Qing dynasty, Liu Zongzhou died on 8 June of the self-imposed starvation at age 68. Along with Hu Hong, Liu Zongzhou's thoughts are regarded as part of a third stream of Neo-Confucianism by Mou Zongsan.

References

↑ Pan, Jen-tai (April 2010). "Liu Zongzhou’s Criticism of Wang Yangming’s Followers and his Scheme for Moral Reformation". Ming Studies 61: 13–55. doi:10.1179/014703710x12772211565909.

↑ "Liu Zongzhou". Shaoxing Government.

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Liu (柳)

Liu (Chinese: 柳; pinyin: Liǔ) is an East Asian surname of Chinese origin found in China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan.

During ancient times, the Liu family (Emperor Yi of Chu) emigrated to Korea and the citizens of Silla gave them the surname Liu. The Korean name Liu can be spelled in English as Ryu or Yoo.

In ancient times, Yao people by the name of Liu emigrated from Guangdong, Guangxi to Vietnam, and the spelling changed in English to Lieu.

The character 柳 is also used as a surname in Japan and pronounced Yanagi. In the modern age, some Japanese people have migrated throughout East Asia and adopted the surname Liu, Yoo or Lieu.

Origin

The Posterity of Emperor Yi of Chu adopted the surname Liu, bearing the regional name of Liu Country in Changde, Hunan, China

Zhan Huo give the posthumous name 柳下惠, thus believed his posterity would receive surname Liu

The ancient Miao people used the surname Liu

The ancient Yao people used the surname Liu

During the Ming Dynasty, the Yang family used the name Liu

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Liu

劉 / 刘 (Lao, Lau, Low, Lauv, Liew, Liu, Loo, Lowe, Liou or Yu) is a common Chinese family name. The Liu (/ˈljuː/) as transcribed in English can represent several different surnames written in different Chinese characters:

劉 (traditional) / 刘 (simplified), pinyin: Liú. A very common surname, as it was the family name of Han Dynasty emperors.

柳 pinyin: Liǔ in Mandarin Chinese, Lau : Cantonese

留 pinyin: Liú in Mandarin, Lau : Cantonese

六 pinyin: Liù in Mandarin, Lyuk : Cantonese

廖 Cantonese pinyin: Liu 6, Mandarin : Liao, Wu

In Cantonese transliteration, 刘/劉 (Liú) is Lau, Lao is also transliteration of 刘/劉 in Min Nan and Taiwanese Minnan Chinese language, whilst Liu is a different surname, 廖, pinyin: Liào, (Liêu in Vietnamese).

In Teochew, 刘/劉 is usually romanized as Lau, Low or Lao; 柳 is written as Lew; and 廖 is romanized as Leow or Liau.

In Hakka, 刘/劉 is most commonly transliterated as Liew while 廖 is written as Liau or Liaw. The other variants of the romanised surname Liu, i.e. 柳, 留 and 六, are uncommon among speakers of Hakka.

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