Liu Shan (207–271),courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan. His reign of 40 years was the longest of all in the Three Kingdoms era. During Liu Shan's reign, many campaigns were led against the rival state of Cao Wei, primarily by Zhuge Liang and his successor Jiang Wei, but to little avail. Liu Shan eventually surrendered to Wei in 263 after Deng Ai led a surprise attack on the Shu capital Chengdu. He was quickly relocated to Luoyang, capital of Wei, and enfeoffed as "Duke Anle". There he enjoyed his last years peacefully before dying, most probably of natural causes, in 271.
Widely known by his infant name "Adou / Edou", Liu Shan was commonly perceived as an incapable, even mentally handicapped ruler. He was also accused of indulging in pleasures while neglecting state affairs. Some critics, however, believe that Liu Shan, like his father Liu Bei, had excellent people management skills, being able to balance the interests of the two major factions in his court, headed respectively by Zhuge Liang and Li Yan. These critics also attribute political stability of his court compared to the courts of the other two states of the Three Kingdoms to Liu Shan's people management skills. They also praise Liu Shan for feigning incompetence in the most ingenious and natural way after the fall of Shu so as to avoid personal harm. Nevertheless, the name "Adou" is today still commonly used in Chinese to describe incapable people who would not achieve anything even with significant assistance.
Liu Shan (刘山), died 1427, was a general of the Ming dynasty era of Chinese history. The Emperor of China called upon him to lead a massive army to crush the Lam Sơn uprising in Vietnam, led by the landowner Le Loi. After the defeat of the Chinese armed forces at the Battle of Tot Dong, he took command of the Chinese armies outside of the capital city. Liu Shan commanded a 100,000-strong force of Chinese troops to attack the Vietnamese troops to start the Battles of Lang Son and the Red River Valley. Le Loi turned his attention to the main force, Liu Shan's, and quickly annihilated them. Liu Shan was captured, and summarily executed.
Give me faith oh Jah I pray. To face another day ohhhh
Lord give me strength to face another day. Carry on life's road, carry all my load. Give me strength oh Jah to tarry on. Oh my Lord.
Oh Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end
Please hear me when I plead. All help already pass and, all help for years to come. Without who am I could not be. Many are trying to leave you outta their lives. But I wouldn't be so unwise. And so I promise to serve thee. Oh my Lord. And I beg thee some mercy.
Lord, give me strength to face another day. To journey along life's road, to carry my heavy load. Give me strength oh Jah to tarry on. Oh my Lord.
Life has become a burden, living in this evil system. Oh Jah please strengthen me. I can not make it along. I need you as my own. Oh Jah I call on thee. Some are trying to leave you out of their lives. But I wouldn't be so unwise. And so I promise to serve thee with all my all. And I beg thee some mercy.
Lord give me strength to face another day. make it along life's road, carry all my load. Give me strength to tarry on. Oh my lord.
Say, give me strength oh Jah to carry on. And do thy holy word.
Give me strength that I can make my stand. Above the sinking sand.
Many are trying to leave you outta their lives, but I wouldn't be so unwise. And so I promise to serve thee with all my all. And I'm begging thee mercy.
Lord give me strength to face another day. To make it along life's road and carry all my load.
Give me strength oh Jah to tarry on. Oh my Lord.