Liu Pi, Prince of Wu

Liu Pi (simplified Chinese: 刘濞; traditional Chinese: 劉濞; pinyin: Liú Pì, 216–154 BC) was a nephew of Emperor Gao of Han, son of Liu Xi, Prince of Dai, and created as Prince of Wu by Emperor Gao. During the reign of Emperor Jing, he initiated the Rebellion of the Seven States to resist centralizing policies, in which he was defeated and killed.

Biography

In 196 BC, he was made Marquess of Pei at the age of 20. He demonstrated his combat ability as a cavalry general in the campaign against Ying Bu. In 195 BC, Emperor Gao promoted Pi to Prince of Wu due to his growing worry of the Wu provinces.

When Emperor Wen of Han was in throne, Pi's son Liu Xian and Crown Prince Qi (later Emperor Jing of Han) involved in a game of Liubo which ended in the crown prince accidentally killing Pi's son with the chess board. Out of revenge and growing distrust of the Emperor, Pi started building up wealth and military in his territory. Emperor Wen believed his son was at fault and did not hold Pi accountable for his expansion.

Liu Pi

Liu Pi may refer to:

Liu Pi (general)

Liu Pi (died 201) was a Yellow Turban rebel general during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.

Biography

After the decline of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Liu Pi's men allied themselves with Yuan Shu and Sun Jian in the early 190s. His party thrived in the Yingchuan (穎川) and Runan region, and by the mid-190s they were numbered at by the tens of thousands. In 196, the warlord Cao Cao set out against the Yellow Turban remnants; in the battles that ensued, Liu Pi's colleague Huang Shao (黄邵) was killed and Liu surrendered with the other leaders.

As the northern Yuan Shao declared war on Cao Cao in 200, Liu Pi rebelled against Cao Cao and plundered Xuchang. Yuan sent Liu Bei to support Liu Pi, but the combined forces were defeated by Cao Cao's general Cao Ren; Liu Bei fled back to Yuan Shao and Liu Pi was killed.

The first volume of the Records of the Three Kingdoms contains conflicting accounts about Liu Pi's death: in an earlier passage it states that Liu Pi was killed with Huang Shao during Cao Cao's bandit sweeping campaign in 196, while a later passage in the same volume states he rebelled in 200 and was killed by Cao Ren. Rafe de Crespigny noted that while it was possible that the group under Liu Pi still kept his name after he died, it is more probable that the first account of Liu Pi's death is premature.

Liu Pi (official)

Liu Pi (劉闢) (died December 12, 806), courtesy name Taichu (太初), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. Early in the reign of Emperor Xianzong, he resisted imperial authority at Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan), and was defeated by imperial forces commanded by Gao Chongwen and executed.

Background and service under Wei Gao

It is not known when Liu Pi was born. During the middle of Emperor Dezong's Zhenyuan era (785-805), Liu passed the imperial examinations in the class of those who used language grandly. He was subsequently invited by Wei Gao, then the military governor (Jiedushi) of Xichuan Circuit to serve on Wei's staff. He was eventually promoted to be Zhidu Fushi (支度副使) — Wei's deputy in Wei's capacity as director of military supplies for Xichuan Circuit. It was in this capacity that, in 805, after Emperor Dezong's death and succession by Emperor Shunzong, Wei sent him to the capital Chang'an — to make contact with one of Emperor Shunzong's favorite officials, Wang Shuwen. He informed Wang that Wei wanted to control two neighboring circuits — Dongchuan (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan) and Shannan West (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) as well, stating to Wang: