For a mathematical function, see Lituus (mathematics).
A lituus (reverse, right, over the patera) as cult instrument, in this coin celebrating the pietas of the Roman Emperor Herennius Etruscus.
RSC 0004a.6.jpg

The word lituus originally meant a curved augural staff (cp. "crozier") or a curved war-trumpet in the ancient Latin language. In English it is used with several meanings.

Contents

Roman ritual wand [link]

The lituus was a crooked wand (similar in shape to the top part of a crosier) used as a cult instrument in ancient Roman religion by augurs to mark out a ritual space in the sky (a templum). The passage of birds through this templum indicated divine favor or disfavor for a given undertaking.

The lituus was also used as a symbol of office for the college of the augurs to mark them out as a priestly group.

Music instrument [link]

[edit] Ancient lituus

The ancient lituus was an old Etruscan high-pitched brass instrument, which was bent at the end, similar to the Gallic carnyx. It was later used by the Romans, especially for processional music and as a signalling horn in the army.[1] In 17th century Germany a variant of the bent ancient lituus was still used as a signalling horn by nightwatchmen.

[edit] Mediaeval lituus

Main article: Medieval lituus

The mediaeval lituus was a different brass instrument than the ancient Etruscan instrument, described by Kürzinger (1763) as a variant of the early trumpet or horn, i.e. a later development of the ancient Roman tuba. One of the last compositions orchestrated for the mediaeval lituus was Bach's motet O Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht (BWV 118). Scientists from Edinburgh University tried to recreate the lituus in May 2009, when the instrument had been out of use for 300 years.[2][3]

References [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lituus
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Lituus.
  1. ^ Picture of reconstructed Roman lituus.
  2. ^ Pallab Ghosh (30 May 2009). "'Lost' music instrument recreated". BBC News. BBC. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8075223.stm. Retrieved 30 May 2009. 
  3. ^ Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (01 June 2009). "Scientists recreate Bachs forgotten horn". EPSRCvideo. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5aHfVk_71c. Retrieved 01 June 2009. 

https://wn.com/Lituus

Lituus (mathematics)

In mathematics, a lituus is a spiral in which the angle is inversely proportional to the square of the radius (as expressed in polar coordinates).

r^2\theta = k \,

This spiral, which has two branches depending on the sign of r, is asymptotic to the x axis. Its points of inflexion are at (\theta, r) = (\tfrac12, \sqrt{2k}) and (\tfrac12 , -\sqrt{2k}).

The curve was named for the ancient Roman lituus by Roger Cotes in a collection of papers entitled Harmonia Mensurarum (1722), which was published six years after his death.

External links

  • Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001), "Lituus", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4 
  • Weisstein, Eric W., "Lituus", MathWorld.
  • Interactive example using JSXGraph
  • O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Lituus", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
    • Read more
    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Lituus_(mathematics)

    Podcasts:

    Email this Page Play all in Full Screen Show More Related Videos
    PLAYLIST TIME:

    Baddest Girl

    by: Lady Saw

    (Intro)
    (Bad Girl)
    Yuh Know Im bad right? Bad
    (Bad Girl)
    Everybody know Im bad
    (Bad Girl)
    Hey done know if yuh pass di place wi gonna get mad
    dont it
    (Bad Girl)
    Huh, uh, yo
    (Chorus)
    Im the baddest girl on the block
    Tell em eediat bwoy dem a puff an relax yo
    Lady Saw me a real toppa top I was born dis way so yuh
    know mi caan stop
    (Bridge)
    Uh mi a bad gyal
    So dont try cross mi pack
    Nah try draw mi out
    Nah guh put mi to rack
    Mi a mad gyal
    So dont fly past mi nex
    So eediat bwoy nah gyal caan jump inna mi chest
    (Verse 1)
    Mi family an mi man dem a mi first priority
    So may we deepen bout a dem a true mi best ability
    Nah beg nobody nutten
    Cau mi bun charity
    Lady Saw too rich an mi too bossy
    Nah beg fi break fast
    Nah give nobody ass
    Dimly back inna mi radio betta move dem to
    Ras a bun fire weh di fassy dem a try
    If yuh dis Lady Saw yuh get boom bye bye
    Cause
    (Chorus)
    (Bridge)
    (Verse 2)
    Watch it mek mi bruk it dung inna verse 2
    Cau to win some sex dem dont have a clue
    No matta dream whatta like a when a we inna do
    Yuh nuh complish mi dream it neva easy fi do
    No me caan access mi fan drip mi inna di bed
    100 bushel
    Buss more not less
    Mek dem power up dem motor waan big up dem chest
    Its obvious tell yuh
    Its hard gi dem stress
    (Chorus)
    (Bridge)
    (Verse 3)
    An anodda ting
    Juss listen to verse 3
    To be Lady Saw its not easy fi mi
    Dem waan cha fi di style an di personality
    But Im still di bad gyal from St. Mary
    If yuh tink I like den try step to mi
    Whetha physically or
    Lyrically
    Try hurt mi pride an mi
    Family
    Den yu woulda bring out di dog inna mi
    (Chorus x2)
    (Bridge)
    (Verse 1)
    (Chorus x2)
    (Outro)
    Bad gyal fi years
    (Bad girl)
    Yuh done know nuh matta weh dem come wi nuh care




    ×
    ×
    ×
    ×