Lin Biao

Lin Biao (pinyin: Lín Biāo; Wade–Giles: Lin Piao; IPA: [lǐn pjáʊ]; December 5, 1907 – September 13, 1971) was a Marshal of the People's Republic of China who was pivotal in the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeast China. Lin was the general who commanded the decisive Liaoshen and Pingjin Campaigns, in which he co-led the Manchurian Field Army to victory and led the People's Liberation Army into Beijing. He crossed the Yangtze River in 1949, decisively defeated the Kuomintang and took control of the coastal provinces in Southeast China. He ranked third among the Ten Marshals. Zhu De and Peng Dehuai were considered senior to Lin, and Lin ranked directly ahead of He Long and Liu Bocheng.

Lin abstained from taking an active role in politics after the civil war ceased in 1949. He led a section of the government's civil bureaucracy as one of the co-serving Deputy Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China from 1954 onwards, becoming First-ranked Vice Premier from 1964. Lin became more active in politics when named one of the co-serving Vice Chairmen of the Communist Party of China in 1958. He held the three responsibilities of Vice Premier, Vice Chairman and Minister of National Defense from 1959 onwards. Lin became instrumental in creating the foundations for Mao Zedong's cult of personality in the early 1960s, and was rewarded for his service in the Cultural Revolution by being named Mao's designated successor as the sole Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China, from 1969 until his death.

Lin Biao (ROC)

Lin Biao (Chinese: 林彪; pinyin: Lín Biāo; 1889-?) was a politician, judge and lawyer in the Republic of China. He was an important person in the Wang Jingwei regime (Republic of China-Nanjing). His courtesy name was Liyuan (禮源). He was born in Xiangshan (Zhongshan), Guangdong.

Biography

First, Lin Biao went to study to Belgium, secondly he went to the United States, and graduated from University of Wisconsin. Then he went to Germany, and acquired Doctor of Laws, University of Würzburg. In 1923, he returned home, joined Sun Yat-sen's Guangzhou Militarist Government, and appointed to a secretary of the Generalissimo's office. He successively held the staff of the Legation to Germany, a lecturer of the Peking University, and a judge of the Shanghai Special Court. In 1928, Lin was appointed to a secretary of Judicial Yuan, and next April, was transferred to the acting Chief of the Jiangsu High Court. In 1934, he resigned it, and was an established lawyer in Suzhou.

In May 1940, Wang Jingwei regime was established, Lin Biao was appointed to the Chief of the Administrative Court. In 1945, he also held a member of the Committee for abolition of extraterritorial right.