The landscape of Heard Island and nearby McDonald Island is constantly changing due to volcanism, strong winds and waves, and climate change. Volcanic activity has been observed in this area since the mid-1980s, with fresh lava flows on the southwest flanks of Heard Island. Satellite imagery shows that McDonald Island increased in size from about 1 to 2.5 square kilometers between 1994 and 2004, as a result of volcanic activity.
The melting of glaciers - a direct consequence of global warming -- is accelerating, with dramatic consequences for lives and livelihoods. Melting of glaciers can trigger natural disasters such as floods, landslides and avalanches.(Shutterstock).