Leukoderma

Leukoderma is a cutaneous condition, an acquired condition with localized loss of pigmentation of the skin that may occur after any number of inflammatory skin conditions, burns, intralesional steroid injections, postdermabrasion, etc. It is largely a cosmetic problem, and is neither infectious nor contagious.

Classification

The most common form is non-segmental vitiligo, which tends to appear in symmetric patches, sometimes over large areas of the body.

Causes and pathophysiology

The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but research suggests that it may arise from autoimmune condition in which immune system of body destroys its own cells & tissues, genetic, stress. There are different theories suggesting autoimmune syndrome (a condition whereby the immune system of body destroys body’s own tissues & cells), impaired hepatic function as jaundice, gastric disorder, typhoid fever etc.

Leucoderma may appear due to certain external accidental causes, such a burn, a cut or an ulcer. These external factors damage melanocytes, the cells beneath skin which produce the melanin pigment. It results in diminished skin colour patches, which later converts white and prominent, forming white patches.