Lemma

Lemma may refer to:

See also

Lemma (botany)

Lemma is a phytomorphological term used in botany referring to a part of the spikelet of grasses (Poaceae). It is the lowermost of two chaff-like bracts enclosing the grass floret. It often bears a long bristle called an awn, and may be similar in form to the glumes - chaffy bracts at the base of each spikelet. It is usually interpreted as a bract but it has also been interpreted as one remnant (the abaxial) of the three members of outer perianth whorl (the palea may represent the other two members, having been joined together).

A lemma's shape, their number of veins, whether they are awned or not, and the presence or absence of hairs are particularly important characters in grass taxonomy.

Lemma (mathematics)

In mathematics, a "helping theorem" or lemma (plural lemmata or lemmas) from the Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lemma, "anything which is received, such as a gift, profit, or a bribe”) is a proven proposition which is used as a stepping stone to a larger result rather than as a statement of interest by itself.

Comparison with theorem

There is no formal distinction between a lemma and a theorem, only one of intention – see Theorem terminology. However, a lemma can be considered a minor result whose sole purpose is to help prove a theorem – a step in the direction of proof, so to speak.

Well-known lemmas

A good stepping stone can lead to many others. Some powerful results in mathematics are known as lemmata, such as Bézout's lemma, Dehn's lemma, Euclid's lemma, Farkas' lemma, Fatou's lemma, Gauss's lemma, Greendlinger's lemma, Itō's lemma, Jordan's lemma, Nakayama's lemma, Poincaré's lemma, Riesz's lemma, Schur's lemma, Schwarz's lemma, Urysohn's lemma, Yoneda's lemma and Zorn's lemma. While these results originally seemed too simple or too technical to warrant independent interest, they have turned out to be central to the theories in which they occur.

Rasta

Rasta may refer to:

Rasta militia

The Rastas were formed circa 2004 and are a violent splinter group of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, the latter of which is a primary remnant Rwandan Hutu rebel group in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Rastas are a gang of fugitives who live in the wilds of the forest in eastern DRC. The Rastas are a heavily armed group that engage in acts of violent crime, including kidnapping, rape, burning babies and chopping their foes. Group members dreadlocks and wear Los Angeles Lakers jerseys and tracksuits.

In 2007, officials from the United Nations (UN) have stated that the group consists of former Hutu militia members who fled Rwanda in 1994 after perpetrating genocidal acts there. At this time, UN officials also stated that the group appeared to have created their own group after splitting off.

In 2007, an 18-year old woman named Honorata Barinjibanwa stated that in April 2007 the Rastas raided a village she was at, kidnapping and keeping her as a sex slave, committing acts of gang rape, until August. She stated that she was tied to a tree most of the time.

Rastafari

Rastafari is an Abrahamic belief which developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, following the coronation of Haile Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia in 1930. Its adherents worship him in much the same way as Jesus in his Second Advent, or as God the Father. Members of the Rastafari way of life are known as Rastafari, Rastas, Rastafarians, or simply Ras. Rastafari are also known by their official church titles, such as Elder or High Priest. The way of life is sometimes referred to as "Rastafarianism", but this term is considered offensive by most Rastafari, who, being critical of "isms" (which they see as a typical part of "Babylon" culture), dislike being labelled as an "ism" themselves.

The name Rastafari is taken from Ras Tafari, the title (Ras) and first name (Tafari Makonnen) of Haile Selassie I before his coronation. In Amharic, Ras, literally "head", is an Ethiopian title equivalent to prince or chief, while the personal given name Täfäri (teferi) means one who is revered. Jah (יה in Hebrew) is a Biblical name of God, from a shortened form of Jahweh or Jehovah found in Psalms 68:4 in the King James Version of the Bible and many other places in the Bible. Most adherents see Haile Selassie I as Jah or Jah Rastafari, an incarnation of God the Father, the Second Advent of Christ "the Anointed One", i.e. the second coming of Jesus Christ the King to Earth.