Leandro N. Alem

Leandro Nicéforo Alem (born Alen) (11 March 1841 – 1 July 1896) was an Argentine politician, born in Buenos Aires, a founder and leader of the Radical Civic Union. He was also an active Freemason. Alem was the uncle and political teacher of Hipólito Yrigoyen. His father, was the chief of Rosas' political police, the Mazorca. He was executed after the battle of Caseros. The young Leandro changed his surname from Alen to Alem to mitigate associations with him.

In 1859, being only 18 years old, he took part in the battles of Cepeda and Pavón, and in 1865, he joined the war against Paraguay. After this he returned to Buenos Aires to finish his law studies. He had democratic, anti-authoritarian ideas, and in 1868, he joined Adolfo Alsina's Autonomist Party, where he showed a skill for incissive rhetorics in public debates.

Alem was elected diputado (representative) at the provincial legislature of Buenos Aires in 1871. In 1874, he went on to become National Deputy, and then Senator. He opposed the federalization of the city of Buenos Aires, required by the Constitution. When it was passed by the legislature, he resigned to it and became the intellectual leader of a group of discontents that sought to produce changes in Argentine politics. In 1877, he and his friend Aristóbulo del Valle founded the Republican Party.

Alem

Alem is a town in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Maasdriel, and lies about 10 km north of 's-Hertogenbosch. The name of the town is derived from the Germanic word Alaheim, which means 'whole village'.

In 2001, the town of Alem had 450 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.12 km², and contained 145 residences. The statistical area "Alem", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 660.

Until 1958, Alem, Maren en Kessel was a separate municipality, then part of the province of North Brabant. The villages of Maren and Maren-Kessel are now part of the municipality of Lith.

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Alem (disambiguation)

Alem may refer to:

Alem (finial)

An Alem (Arabic: أليم‎, Turkish: Alem) is a type of metal finial. Although the terms used are somewhat fluid, in Ottoman Turkish, the word alem means a military banner consisting of a tall pole (sap) with a silk flag or banner (sancak) topped by a metal finial (saifa). In modern Turkish, sancak can apply to the whole standard and not simply the fabric of the banner. The word alem came to be applied to the decoration at the top of the flagpole. The central Asian tugh with yak or horse hair (instead of a flag) can also be topped by an alem.

One or more metal protective cases or boxes (muhafazas) - often octagonal - containing a diminutive copy of the Qu'ran were attached below the alem by a cord or chain.

After the rise of Islam (and especially after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453) the word alem also came to be applied to the architectural device which caps a minaret, dome of a mosque or minber (pulpit). It may incorporate an Islamic emblem of the crescent (with star), a tulip or other shape.