Last stand is a loose military term used to describe a body of troops holding a defensive position in the face of overwhelming odds. The defensive force usually takes very heavy casualties or is completely destroyed, as happened in "Custer's Last Stand" at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.[1] Bryan Perrett suggests that although the majority of last stands throughout history have seen the defending force overwhelmed, on rare occasions the outnumbered defenders succeed in their desperate endeavours and live to fight another day, and he lists the Battle of Rorke's Drift as one such engagement.[2] Battle of Saragarhi is another example of such a last stand.
Contents |
Tactical significance [link]
A "last stand" is a last resort tactic, and is chosen because the defending force realizes the benefits of fighting outweigh the benefits of retreat or surrender. This usually arises from strategic or moral considerations, leading defenders to conclude that their sacrifice is essential to the greater success of their campaign or cause, as happened at the end of the Battle of Thermopylae.[3]
The situation can arise in several ways. One situation is that retreat by the defending force would lead to immediate defeat, usually due to the surrounding geography or shortage of supplies or support, as happened to the Royalist infantry on Wadborough Hill after the Battle of Naseby.[4][5]
Sometimes, rather than face annihilation at the hands of a pursuing victorious army, a rearguard will be tasked by the commander of the defeated army with hindering the advance of the victorious army. Even if the rearguard is destroyed in a last stand, its sacrifice may buy their commander time to disengage without losing the majority of his army as happened during the Battle of Roncesvalles or the Dunkirk evacuation in June 1940.[6] The Iraqis also employed this tactic at the conclusion of the first Gulf War, where the Americans were forced to spend so much time destroying the Lion of Babylon tanks of the Tawakalna Division that the remainder of the Republican Guard was able to retreat successfully.[7]
The term has also been used to describe the last pitched battle of a war where the position of the defending force is hopeless but the defending force considers it their duty not to surrender until forced to do so, as happened to the last Royalist field army of the First English Civil War at the Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold.[8]
At the end of a siege [link]
A siege may lead to a last stand by the defenders (see for example the Battle of the Alamo or the Siege of Constantinople (1453)).[9] Last stands at the end of sieges became less common after the Hague Conventions came in force. Before the 20th century, if a besieged garrison refused any offered terms of surrender and the attackers subsequently breached the defences, the defenders were only given quarter at the discretion of the attackers, something they were not likely to do if they perceived that by holding out, with no hope of relief, the defenders had needlessly squandered lives. Under the laws of war as they are now "...it is especially forbidden - ... To kill or wound an enemy who, having laid down his arms, or having no longer means of defence, has surrendered at discretion; [and] To declare that no quarter will be given ...",[10] it is unlawful for an attacking force to kill a garrison if they attempt to surrender even if it is during the final assault on a fortified position.
Historical significance [link]
Last stands loom large in history due to the pull on popular imagination. Historian Nathaniel Philbrick argues:[11]
- Long before Custer died at the Little Bighorn, the myth of the Last Stand already had a strong pull on human emotions, and on the way we like to remember history. The variations are endless — from the three hundred Spartans at Thermopylae to Davy Crockett at the Alamo — but they all tell the story of a brave and intractable hero leading his tiny band against a numberless foe. Even though the odds are overwhelming, the hero and his followers fight on nobly to the end and are slaughtered to a man. In defeat the hero of the Last Stand achieves the greatest of victories, since he will be remembered for all time.
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground warfare: An International Encyclopedia. International warfare encyclopedias from ABC-CLIO. 1 (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. 506,507. ISBN 576073440.
- ^ Bryan Perrett. Last Stand!: Famous Battles Against the Odds, p. 9
- ^ Rollin, Charles (1804). The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. 3 (10 ed.). Printed for W. J. & J. Richardson. p. 34.
- ^ David Plant 1645: The Storming of Leicester and the Battle of Naseby, www.british-civil-wars.co.uk, Retrieved 2009-05-24
- ^ Martin Marix Evans, Graham Turner. Naseby 1645: The Triumph of the New Model Army,, Osprey Publishing, 2007 ISBN 1-84603-078-1, ISBN 978-1-84603-078-9. p. 76
- ^ John Harris, Dunkirk: "the storms of war", David & Charles, 1980, ISBN 0-7153-7857-0, ISBN 978-0-7153-7857-1. p.8 "Dunkirk was a military operation also — a hard-fought retreat with a magnificent last stand by the rearguard to allow the bulk of the troops to get [away]"
- ^ Ricks, Thomas E. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. Penguin books, 2006. ISBN 978-1-59420-103-5
- ^ Sidney Low,et al., The dictionary of English history, Cassell and company, 1928. "At the battle of Naseby Astley commanded the infantry, and in 1646 he made a last stand at Stow-on-the-Wold against the Parliament."
- ^ Gunderson, Cory Gideon (2004). The battle of the Alamo. ABDO. p. 15. ISBN 1-59197-278-7.
- ^ IV Hague Convention The Laws and Customs of War on Land October 18, 1907. Article 23
- ^ Philbrick, Nathaniel. The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. New York: Viking Books, 2010, p. xvii.
https://wn.com/Last_stand
Last stand (disambiguation)
Last stand is a position against overwhelming odds.
Last Stand or The Last Stand may refer to:
Stargate SG-1 (season 5)
The fifth season of the military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 commenced airing on Showtime in the United States on June 29, 2001, concluded on Sky1 in the United Kingdom on February 6, 2002, and contained 22 episodes. The fifth season introduces future main character Jonas Quinn portrayed by Corin Nemec from 2002–2004. The fifth season is about the ongoing war with the Goa'uld Empire after the death of Apophis at the start of the season and the rise of a new System Lord named Anubis. SG-1, a military-science team, are set to explore the Milky Way Galaxy.
The one-hour premiere "Enemies", which debuted on June 29, 2001 on Showtime had the lowest syndication of the seasons episode, but overall got a high viewership level. This would be the last season to feature Apophis alive, but he would return in dreams and alternate realities and timelines. The series was developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner. Season five regular cast members include Richard Dean Anderson, Michael Shanks, Amanda Tapping, Christopher Judge, and Don S. Davis.
Podcasts:
-
by Harry Chapin
-
by Cold Chisel
-
by Sear Bliss
-
by Jeniferever
-
by Adelitas Way
-
by Shaolin Death Squad
Last Stand
by: Harry ChapinIt used to be that old John Wayne
Would fight the good fight once again,
Find the strength to bear the pain,
Stand up til he'd finally fall.
But now it's not just movie time,
And now it's you that's on the line.
And now it's you that's going to find
If you can stand at all.
So you circle all the wagons
And you hide behind the trees,
And you try to find some courage on your knees.
When you heard the sound of taps played
By the one man band,
You knew this is where you'd have to make
Your last stand.
And so, my friends, the last stand,
The last song from the last band,
The last note from the last man,
But you gave it all you can.
The cards came down to the last deal,
You're a starving man at his last meal,
And the movie's rolled down to the last real,
It's got an ending you never planned.
She's left you now, and so it seems,
You've tumbled down the last stream,
And you've found out that the final dream,
Can disappear so fast.
Watch it all just fade away, boy,
It came down to the last day,
And then the last out, and then the last play,
And you're alone at last.
So you circle all the wagons
And you hide behind the trees,
And you try to find some courage on your knees.
When you heard the sound of taps played
By the one man band,
You knew this is where you'd have to make
Your last stand.
Well, so it was late last night,
She left on the final flight
You watched as the last light
Went out there in your soul.
Took your look around the top,
For now you face the final drop.
You'll go down fast and you won't stop,
You found a very deep hole.
Say you're off on the last ride,
Remembering how she last cried,
And you know that love had long last died
In silence, not in pain.
You lost your last, your last race
Stumbled in at last place,
Too late to find the one last face
Waiting in the rain.
So you circle all the wagons
And you hide behind the trees,
And you try to find some courage on your knees.
When you heard the sound of taps played
By the one man band,
You knew this is where you'd have to make