Diet of Worms
The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms, [ˈʁaɪçstaːk tsuː ˈvɔɐms]) was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire. An imperial diet was a formal deliberative assembly of the whole Empire. This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation. It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with the Emperor Charles V presiding.
Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term "Diet of Worms" usually refers to the assembly of 1521.
Background
In June of the previous year, 1520, Pope Leo X issued the Papal bull Exsurge Domine ("Arise, O Lord"), outlining forty-one purported errors found in Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and other writings related to or written by him. Luther was summoned by the emperor. Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony obtained an agreement that if Luther appeared he would be promised safe passage to and from the meeting. This guarantee was essential after the treatment of Jan Huss, who was tried and executed at the Council of Constance in 1415 despite a promise of safe conduct.
Diet of Worms (1495)
At the Diet of Worms (German: Reichstag zu Worms) in 1495, the foundation stone was laid for a comprehensive reform of the empire (Reichsreform). Even though several elements of the reforms agreed by the Imperial Diet (Reichstag) at Worms did not last, they were nevertheless highly significant in the further development of the empire. They were intended to alter the structure and the constitutional ordinances of the Holy Roman Empire in order to resolve the problems of imperial government that had become evident.
Background
During the 15th century, it became increasingly clear that the Holy Roman Empire needed an imperial reform. Opinions varied, ranging from the restoration of the absolute imperial power to an Imperial Government (Reichsregiment) of the electors. One of many proposals, for example, was the Reformatio Sigismundi. Almost all the reform proposals advocated an Eternal Peace (Ewiger Landfriede), as well as legal, judicial, tax and coinage regulations.
From the Frankfurt Election Day (1486) onwards, the Imperial Estates (Reichsstände) tried to make their support conditional on the emperor granting concessions over the Imperial Reform. Emperor Frederick III repeatedly rejected this in favour of the 10-year peace (1486) ordinance, however. Maximilian I, the Roman-German King and later Emperor, extended the peace on 10 May 1494 to 1499, which was seen as a signal of his willingness to reform.
Diet of Worms (disambiguation)
Diet of worms may refer to:
Events: Various meetings of the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire:
Music:
Comedy:
Health:
Animal biology:
Fiction:
Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales (Diana Frances;née Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997), was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II.
Diana was born into a family of British nobility with royal ancestry as The Honourable Diana Spencer. She was the fourth child and third daughter of John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer and the Honourable Frances Shand Kydd. She grew up in Park House, situated on the Sandringham estate, and was educated in England and Switzerland. In 1975, after her father inherited the title of Earl Spencer, she became Lady Diana Spencer.
Her wedding to the Prince of Wales on 29 July 1981, held at St Paul's Cathedral, reached a global television audience of over 750 million people. While married, Diana bore the titles Princess of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester, and Baroness of Renfrew. The marriage produced two sons, the princes William and Harry, who were then respectively second and third in the line of succession to the British throne. As Princess of Wales, Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her at functions overseas. She was celebrated for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. From 1989, she was the president of Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, in addition to dozens of other charities.
List of EastEnders characters (2013)
The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera EastEnders during 2013 listed by order of first appearance . New characters were introduced by Lorraine Newman, executive producer until December 2013, when Dominic Treadwell-Collins took over.
The first character to be announced was Dexter Hartman, the teenage son of Ava Hartman. He was introduced in January. Steve Lowe, Bianca Butcher's probation officer and a love interest for Carol Jackson, arrived as a recurring character in February, and in March, Kane and his gang appeared for a storyline involving Liam Butcher. Dexter's father Sam James arrived in May. Kirsty Branning's ex-boyfriend Carl White joined the show in June. Two short-term characters, Betty Spragg, and Ollie Walters, arrived in July. Sadie Young arrived on the show in August, as the new owner of the beauty salon. Former Hollyoaks actor Jamie Lomas made his first appearance in August as well, playing Jake Stone. Upon the announcement that established character David Wicks was returning to the show, Lisa Maxwell was cast as his girlfriend, Naomi, who appeared in September for one episode. Terry Alderton, playing Terry Spraggan, made his debut in November, along with his children TJ and Rosie. Former Holby City actress Luisa Bradshaw-White was cast as Tina, who first appeared in November, followed in December by Mick Carter (Danny Dyer), Linda Carter (Kellie Bright), his partner, and their younger son, Johnny (Sam Strike).
