Ladies' night

A ladies' night is a promotional event, often at a bar or nightclub, where female patrons pay less than male patrons for the cover charge or drinks. In the United States, state courts in California, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin have ruled that ladies' night discounts are unlawful gender discrimination under state or local statutes. However, courts in Illinois, Minnesota, and Washington have rejected a variety of challenges to such discounts.

Legality in the United States

Federal law

Claims against ladies' nights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution have failed under the state action doctrine. Similar actions have failed under the Civil Rights Act of 1871 (42 U.S.C. § 1983). Ladies' nights may have federal tax implications, though. Federal claims were also involved in the unsuccessful challenge in Washington (see below).

California

The California Supreme Court has ruled that ladies' days at a car wash and ladies' nights at a nightclub violate California's Unruh Civil Rights Act in Koire v Metro Car Wash (1985) and Angelucci v. Century Supper Club (2007). The Unruh Act provides: "All persons within the jurisdiction of this state are free and equal, and no matter what their sex [...] are entitled to the full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments of every kind whatsoever [...]." The court considered the statutory defense that the promotions serve "substantial business and social purposes", but concluded that merely being profitable is not a sufficient defense. The court accused the Wisconsin Supreme Court of "sexual stereotyping" for upholding a similar practice.

Degrassi: The Next Generation (season 7)

The seventh season of Degrassi: The Next Generation commenced airing in Canada on 14 January 2008, concluded on 23 June 2008, and consists of twenty-four episodes. Degrassi: The Next Generation is a Canadian serial teen drama television series. This season takes place during the second semester of the school year that began in season six and continues to depict the lives of a group of high school sophomores, juniors, seniors and college freshman as they deal with some of the challenges and issues young adults face, such as rape, school violence, cancer, drug use, prostitution, sexual misconduct, racism, sexism, parenthood, HIV and relationships.

Season seven aired Mondays at 7:30 p.m. (7:00 p.m. in Quebec) on CTV, a Canadian terrestrial television network. In the United States it aired Fridays at 8:00 p.m. on The N, a digital cable network aimed at teenagers and young adults. Season seven premiered in the US three months before it began broadcasting in Canada, on 5 October 2007. In total sixteen episodes aired in the US before they did Canada. Further to being broadcast on television, episodes were made available for free streaming on CTV's website; registered users of the Canadian and US iTunes Stores are also able to purchase and download the season for playback on home computers and certain iPods. The second Degrassi dedicated soundtrack, Music from Degrassi: The Next Generation, was released 9 December 2008.

Not Tonight

"Not Tonight" is a single released by American female rappers Lil' Kim, Da Brat, Missy "Misdeameanor" Elliott, Angie Martinez, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes from the Nothing to Lose soundtrack. The song became a hit in the U.S., peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100, and became Lil' Kim's third consecutive number 1 hit on the Rap Songs chart, becoming the first female rapper to do so. The single was certified platinum by the RIAA.

Background

The original version of "Not Tonight" was featured on Lil' Kim's debut album Hard Core (1996). It was produced by Jermaine Dupri, who was also featured on the song.

The remix, known as "Not Tonight (Ladies Night Remix)" (1997) was released as a single and was performed by Lil' Kim, Da Brat, Missy Elliott, Angie Martinez and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes" and was featured on the Nothing to Lose soundtrack. This version samples "Ladies' Night" by Kool & the Gang. The remix became a top 40 hit in the US, the UK, Canada, New Zealand and the Netherlands. It was produced by Rashad "Ringo" Smith.

1 kilometre

To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 1 kilometre and 10 kilometres (10³ and 10⁴metres).

Conversions

1 kilometre (unit symbol km) is equal to:

Human-defined scales and structures

1 centimetre

To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10⁻²m and 10⁻¹ m (1 cm and 10 cm).

See also

References

100 megametres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this page lists lengths starting at 10⁸metres (100 megametres or 100,000 kilometres or 62,150 miles).

Distances shorter than 10⁸ metres

Distances longer than 10⁹ metres

References