The Domain Name System of the Internet consists of a set of top-level domains which constitute the root domain of the hierarchical name space and database. In the growth of the Internet, it became desirable to expand the set of initially six generic top-level domains in 1984. As a result new top-level domain names have been proposed for implementation by ICANN. Such proposals included a variety of models ranging from adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs that could be registered by anyone for any purpose, to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations.[1] In October 2000, ICANN published a list of proposals for top-level domain strings it had received.[2]
Contents |
Geographic proposals [link]
- .geo - Generic geographical locations.
- .berlin - Berlin.
- .wien - Vienna.
- .london - London.
- .nyc - New York City.
- .paris - Paris.
- .lat - General category for Latin American websites.
- .africa - General category for African websites.
- .moscow and .москва - Moscow.
- .australia - Australia.
- .sydney - Sydney, Australia.
- .ln and .le - Currently being sold by Dennis Hope's "Lunar Embassy Commission" alongside .lunar, .moon, .venus, .mars, .jupiter, .saturn, .uranus, .neptune, .pluto, .space. People who purchase novelty deeds for outer space property from him are also given free domains.[3] None of these TLDs are supported by the root servers and it is unlikely they will be in the future.
Language and community [link]
These proposals are centered on creating an independent Internet identity for linguistic and cultural communities. They are mostly inspired by the success of the .cat domain created for websites in the Catalan language or about the Catalan culture.
| Domain name | intended use | sponsor | year of proposal | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .bzh | Breton language and Brittany | dot bzh | 2006 | A campaign has been organized in Brittany to support the request of creation of the .bzh domain. The campaign's website gives little information about the status of the proposal and the organization behind and mostly holds a petition for the creation of the domain. As of January 2012 there are over 20,000 signatories. |
| .cymru | Welsh language and Wales | dotCYM Cyf | 2006 | Following a decision by ICANN in 2010 .cym [4] the dotCYM Cyf bid organisers made an appeal for supporters of the former dotCYM bid to suggest a new domain name for the Welsh linguistic and cultural community[. The overwhelming choice of the community was for dotCYMRU. Since November 2010 dotCYMRU is the new domain name for the Welsh linguistic and cultural domain. |
| .eng | England | dot eng.org | 2008 | The dotENG.org website was set up by John Sewell of Maidenhead in Berkshire. Mentioned in PC Pro Online: Campaign begins for .eng domain, Stuart Turton, 23 April 2008 |
| .eus | Basque language | PuntuEus association | 2009 | University professors, scientifics, several companies and institutions are involved in this campaign, including the autonomous government, Eusko Jaurlaritza and the Basque Language Academy, Euskaltzaindia. |
| .gal | Galician language and Galicia | PuntoGal | 2006 | Several companies and institutions are involved in this campaign, including the autonomous government, Xunta de Galicia. |
| .ker | Cornish language and Cornwall (Kernow) in general | Cornish World Magazine[5] | 2008 | |
| .lli | Leonese language and Leonese culture | puntuLLI | 2007 | Several companies, associations, organisations and institutions are involved in this campaign. |
| .quebec | Quebec | Pointquebec | 2008 | .quebec came to life following .cat success. As an incorporated NPO, PointQuebec's mission is to promote, broadcast and manage a new identity on the Internet, affirming the specificity and Quebec Culture. |
| .sco[6] | Scotland | dotSCO.org (dead link) | 2005 | dotSCO began in late 2005 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Scots community around the world. The campaign now appears to be defunct, effectively replaced by .scot (q.v.) |
| .scot[7] | Scotland, The Scots Community of Interest online, Scottish culture and Scotland's languages | Dot Scot Registry | 2009 | A not-for-profit company, created to apply for and operate .scot, "an online identity for the worldwide family of Scots." "Will give people, organisations and businesses the opportunity to clearly identify themselves as Scottish." |
| ECLID | ECLID | ECLID | 2008 | The dotCYMRU, dotEUS, dotSCOT and dotBZH have formed the ECLID[1], the European Cultural and Linguistic Internet Domains umbrella group to lobby for the successful and speedy application for the bids. |
| .sic[8] | Székely Land | Pontsic Foundation | 2009 | pontSIC began in late 2008 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Székely community around the world. The campaign was started by the Szekler National Council, and now are involved several companies and institutions. As of September 2009 there are over 33,200 signatories. |
| .nai | nai | nai | 1999 | The original proposal for a native managed TLD predates ICANN, and its form was adopted by ICANN as the "sponsored" type of application and eventual contract in the 2001 new gTLD round. The application of a "sponsored" type of application and registry resulted in the .cat success. .nai's mission is to implement a top-level name space with an indigenous policy, provide an alternative to the several thousand indigenous public administrations, and the larger numbers of indigenous non-governmental, linguistic and cultural institutional, public and private economic enterprises, bands and individuals in the Western Hemisphere currently using name spaces operated under for-profit or colonial policies, and promote the economic development of Indian Country. |
| .vlaanderen | Flanders (Vlaanderen) | 2011 |
Domains for children [link]
A top-level domain named kids has been proposed by several entities. As of 2009, none of these proposals have been implemented. Under the United States country code TLD (us) exists a second-level domain kids.us.
Applications for a kids domain have included:
- Blueberry Hill Communications, Inc., a domain name registration and hosting company in California, submitted a proposal[9] Registry services would be subcontracted to Neustar and Melbourne IT. Registrars are selected under same criteria and process currently imposed by ICANN. This proposal would not rely on objective criteria for categorizing content.
- DotKids, established in 2000 in Rosemont, Illinois intends to utilize SARAF Software Solutions Inc. for software development of a kids registry. DotKids would deal only with ICANN accredited registrars; content rating information is to be retained in the registry and is to describe ratings for an entire site.[10]
- ICM Registry, Inc. request the kids TLD[11] as an integrated solution for improving child safety on the Internet by implicitly attempting to restrict content across both TLDs and targeting a narrow registrant group.
- .KIDS Domains, Inc.[12] is a California for-profit corporation; the proposed registry operator is Toronto-based domain name registrar Tucows Inc. Kids would be a restricted TLD. .KIDS Domains therefore does not intend to allow other registrars to register domain names.
The European Parliament has also proposed kid for websites designed for children.[citation needed] It would be monitored by an independent authority.
Technical domain name themes [link]
- .mail - A domain for e-mail networks, proposed to facilitate fighting e-mail spam.
- .web - A domain for general use on the world wide web.
Specialized and professional topics [link]
- .med – medical facilities and organizations
- .eco – environmental causes[13][14]
- .fc - football clubs[15]
- .post – postal organizations
- .rage - For scientific institutions in Spanish speaking countries.
- .shop – electronic commerce sites[16]
- .sport – sport sites[17]
- .wine – wine sites[18]
- .gay - LGBT organizations
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ "Names Council Solicitation of Comments for Consideration of New Generic Top-Level Domains". ICANN. 2000-04-01. https://www.icann.org/dnso/new-gtlds-01apr00.htm.
- ^ "TLD Applications Lodged". ICANN. 2000-10-10. https://www.icann.org/en/tlds/tld-applications-lodged-02oct00.htm.
- ^ Hope, David. "The Lunar Embassy". https://www.lunarembassy.com/shop/en/shops.lasso?-database=aa654s5677556pr&-layout=US$_pr9981_en&-response=searchresults_en.lasso&-NoResultsError=noproducts_en.lasso&-token.trackindex=2156945&-token.affindex=&-token.rn=68509398&-token.cs=US$&-token.rs29=33&-token.rscd=LE&-token.firstlogin=&-token.skip=&-token.category=&-show. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ "Wales loses to Cayman Islands in battle for .cym domain". BBC. 2010-11-04. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-11683239. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ^ The campaign for a KER Internet domain name
- ^ "First Minister announces support for Scots internet domain". dotSCO.org. https://www.dotsco.org/2008/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=2. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ "Dot Scot Registry is the not-for-profit venture to establish and operate a new top-level internet domain of .scot for the worldwide family of Scots". dotSCOT.org. https://www.dot-scot.org/. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ "SIC domain". https://www.supportnewtlds.com/. https://www.supportnewtlds.com/sic/. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
- ^ Summary of Application of Blueberry Hill
- ^ Summary of Application of dotKids Inc
- ^ Summary of Application of ICM Registry
- ^ Summary of Application of .Kids Domains
- ^ Al Gore says domain .eco logical
- ^ Launch of .eco Application to Empower Global Community
- ^ https://fcdomainnames.com/
- ^ https://www.commercialconnect.net
- ^ https://www.dotsport.info
- ^ https://english.dotvinum.org
External links [link]
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https://wn.com/Proposed_top-level_domain
Goat
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.
The goat is a member of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world. In 2011, there were more than 924 million live goats around the globe, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
Female goats are referred to as "does" or "nannies", intact males as "bucks", "billies", or "rams" and their offspring are "kids". Castrated males are "wethers". Goat meat from younger animals is called "kid" or cabrito (Spanish), and from older animals is simply known as "goat" or sometimes called chevon (French), or in some areas "mutton" (which more often refers to adult sheep meat).
Etymology
The Modern English word goat comes from Old English gāt "she-goat, goat in general", which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic *gaitaz (cf. Dutch/Icelandic geit, German Geiß, and Gothic gaits), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰaidos meaning "young goat" (cf. Latin haedus "kid"), itself perhaps from a root meaning "jump" (assuming that Old Church Slavonic zajęcǐ "hare", Sanskrit jihīte "he moves" are related). To refer to the male, Old English used bucca (giving modern buck) until ousted by hegote, hegoote in the late 12th century. Nanny goat (females) originated in the 18th century and billy goat (for males) in the 19th.
Kid (film)
Kid is a 2012 drama film. It was written and directed by Fien Troch, produced by Antonino Lombardo, and starred Bent Simons, Gabriela Carrizo and Maarten Meeusen.
The film tells the story of Kid, a seven-year-old boy who lives with his mother and his older brother Billy on a farm outside a small town. Abandoned by their father, they have had to fend for themselves. Their finances are in ruins and the two boys have to move with their uncle and aunt.
Kid had its world premiere on October 12, 2012 at the Flanders International Film Festival Ghent. It has received high praise from film critics and won various awards from numerous film organizations and festivals. Kid received the André Cavens Award for Best Film by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC). The film had its North American premiere at the AFI Fest on November 2, 2012. It received three nominations at the 4th Magritte Awards, winning Best Flemish Film in Coproduction.
Notes
External links
Kun
Kun may refer to:
Surname
Given name
Kun (Islamic term)
Kun (كن) is an Arabic word for the act of manifesting, existing or being. In the Qur'an, Allah commands the universe to be ("kun!" !كن), and it is (fayakūn فيكون).
"Kun fayakūn" has its reference in the Quran cited as a Symbol / Sign of God's Mystical Creative Power. The verse is from the Quranic Chapter, Surah Ya-Sin. The context in which the words "kun fayakūn" appear in the 36th Chapter, verse number 77–83:
The term also appears as part of 117th verse of the 2nd Quranic Chapter, Surah Baqara.
There are 8 Quranic References to KUN FAYAKŪN:
1. She said: “O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man hath touched me?” He said: “Even so: Allah createth what He willeth: When He hath decreed a plan, He but saith to it, ‘Be,’ and it is! Surat ʾĀl ʿImrān, Sura # 3, Aya # 46-48
2. The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: “Be”. And he was. Surat ʾĀl ʿImrān, Sura # 3, Aya # 58-60
3. It is not befitting to (the majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! when He determines a matter, He only says to it, “Be”, and it is. Surat Maryam, Sura # 19, Aya # 34-36
Kunë Island
Kunë Island (Albanian: Ishulli i Kunës) is an island located off the coast of Albania in the Adriatic Sea. The island lies in the delta of the river Drin near the city of Lezha and has an area of 1.4 square kilometres (0.5 sq mi). The island is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) from the coast. Kunë island features extravagant and varied plant life, including plants such as small Mediterranean shrubs to ash and willow forests. Wildlife is abundant as well. The island is home to around seventy species of birds, twenty-two species of reptiles, six species of amphibians and twenty-three species of mammals.
Nearby are the beaches of Tale and Kunë which goes by the same name.
