KTDU-80

The KTDU-80 (Russian: Корректирующе-Тормозная Двигательная Установка, КТДУ) is the latest of a family of integrated propulsion system that KB KhIMMASH has implemented for the Soyuz since the Soyuz-T. It integrates main propulsion, RCS and attitude control in a single system pressure fed from a common dual string redundant pressurized propellant system. The common propellant is UDMH and N₂O₄ and the main propulsion unit, is the S5.80 main engine. It generates 2.95 kN (660 lbf) of thrust with a chamber pressure of 0.88 MPa (128 psi) and a nozzle expansion of 153.8 that enables it to achieve a specific impulse of 302 s (2.96 km/s). It is rated for 30 starts with a total firing time of 890 seconds. The integrated system without the pressurization nor tanks weighs 310 kg (680 lb) and is an integrated unit that is 1.2 m (47 in) long with a diameter of 2.1 m (83 in).

Description

The KTDU-80 system integrates a dual string redundant propellant and pressurization system, a main propulsion system (the SKD), an RCS (the DPO-B) and an attitude control system (the DPO-M). All the propulsion elements are pressure fed rocket engines burning UDMH and N₂O₄ with a common supply of pressurized propellant. Mechanically, the KTDU-80 is separated in two sections:

K-Love

K-Love (stylized K-LOVE) is a contemporary Christian music radio programming service in the United States operated by the Educational Media Foundation. As of March 2013, the network's programming is simulcast on over 440 FM stations and translators in 47 states. K-LOVE has about 12 million listeners each week in cities including Chicago, Denver, Des Moines, Nashville, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Sacramento San Antonio, San Diego, and Seattle. It is also the sixth-most online-streamed station in the world.

History

The 1980s

K-Love began in 1980 as a single radio station with the call letters KCLB. It was a full-time contemporary Christian music radio station, launched by radio personality Bob Anthony, in San Francisco. After several tries at purchasing a station in San Francisco, a small, non-commercial radio station was acquired just north of San Francisco in the city of Santa Rosa for $67,000. On October 15, 1982, 91.9 KCLB came on the air for the first time with Bob Anthony as announcer. The very first song played on KCLB was "Praise The Lord" by The Imperials, which was a hit on the Christian Music charts in 1979.

KTDU-35

The KTDU-35 (GRAU Index 11D62) was a Soviet spacecraft propulsion system composed of two liquid rocket engines, the primary, S5.60 (SKD) and the secondary S5.35 (DKD), fed from the same propellant tanks. Both engines burn UDMH and AK27I in the gas generator cycle. It was designed by OKB-2, the famous Isaev Design Bureau, for the original Soyuz programme.

Within the Soyuz and Progress, the SKD is the primary engine, the DKD is the backup engine for main orbital correction and de-orbit operations. The engine generate 4.09 kN (920 lbf) (SKD) or 4.03 kN (910 lbf) (DKD) of thrust with a specific impulse of 278 seconds and 270 seconds, respectively. The SKD nozzle is fixed in the aft of the craft, and the dual DKD nozzles are on either side. The spacecraft attitude system (DPO) is responsible for pointing the vehicle in the correct direction and keep it that way during SKD burns.

Versions

This engine has been used in three variants: