Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a salt consisting of K+ and MnO−
4 ions. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely pink or purple solutions, the evaporation of which leaves prismatic purplish-black glistening crystals. In 2000, worldwide production was estimated at 30,000 tonnes. In this compound, manganese is in the +7 oxidation state.
It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
Uses
Almost all applications of potassium permanganate exploit its oxidizing properties. As a strong oxidant that does not generate toxic byproducts, KMnO4 has many niche uses.
Water treatment and disinfection
As an oxidant, potassium permanganate can act as an antiseptic. For example, dilute solutions are used to treat canker sores (ulcers), disinfectant for the hands and treatment for mild pompholyx, dermatitis, and fungal infections of the hands or feet.
Order of the Defender of the Realm
The Most Esteemed Order of the Defender of the Realm (Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara) is a Malaysian federal award presented for meritous service to the country. The Order Motto are 'Dipeliharakan Allah-Pangkuan Negara' (Lit:Protected by God-Defender of the Realm,By the Grace of God-Defender of the Realm). The order was instituted on 6 August 1958 and initially had the five highest ranks. The medal was added on 19 August 1960.
Order ranks
The order has six ranks:
Grand Commander
The collar comprises the crests of the states in Malaysia with an eleven-pointed star made of gold-plated silver. The ribbon is of dark blue silk and has yellow stripes on both the edges. It has a central white stipe, charged with a smaller red stripe in its middle.
