King effect
In statistics, economics, and econophysics, the King effect refers to the phenomenon where the top one or two members of a ranked set show up as outliers. These top one or two members are unexpectedly large because they do not conform to the statistical distribution or rank-distribution which the remainder of the set obeys.
Distributions typically followed include the power-law distribution, that of a stretched exponential, or a parabolic fractal.
The King effect has been observed in the distribution of :
French city sizes (where the point representing Paris is the "King", failing to conform to the stretched exponential), and similarly for other countries with a primate city, such as the United Kingdom (London), and the extreme case of Bangkok (see list of cities in Thailand)
popularity of musicians, (where Cliff Richard and Elvis Presley are the outliers not fitting on a stretched exponential)
country populations (where only the points representing China and India fail to fit a stretched exponential).