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Kielce pogrom
The Kielce Pogrom was an outbreak of violence against the Jewish community centre's gathering of refugees in the city of Kielce, Poland on 4 July 1946 in the presence of the Polish Communist armed forces (LWP, KBW) which resulted in the killing of 42 Jews. Polish Communist courts later tried and condemned nine people to death in connection with the incident.
As the deadliest pogrom against Polish Jews after the Second World War, the incident was a significant point in the post-war history of Jews in Poland. It took place only a year after the end of the Second World War and the Holocaust, shocking Jews in Poland, Poles, and the international community. It has been considered a catalyst for the flight from Poland of most remaining Polish Jews who had survived the Holocaust.
Background
During the German occupation of Poland, Kielce was completely ethnically cleansed by the German Nazis of its pre-war Jewish population. By the summer of 1946, some 200 Jews, many of them former residents of Kielce, had returned from the Nazi concentration camps, the Soviet Union, and other places of refuge to live there. About 150-160 of them were quartered in a single building administered by the Jewish Committee of Kielce Voivodeship at Planty, a small street in the centre of the town.
Kielce pogrom (1918)
The Kielce pogrom of 1918 refers to the events that occurred on 11 November 1918, in the Polish town of Kielce located in current Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. According to 1919 Report by Henry Morgenthau, Sr. who led the Mission of The United States to Poland; during Poland's fight for independence towards the end of the First World War, shortly after the Austro-Hungarian troops were evacuated from Kielce by their military command, the city authorities allowed local Jewish community to hold a rally at the Polish Theatre. The participants rallied behind the Jewish demand for political and cultural autonomy. According to one U.S. source, during the rally, anti-Polish speeches were also being delivered. As the meeting went on, a crowd of Polish onlookers gathered outside the theatre.
At 6:30 P.M. the meeting began to break up, wrote Morgenthau. Only about 300 people remained in the auditorium. Soon, a group of soldiers entered the theatre and began to search for arms, driving the Jews towards the stairs, where a double line of extremists, some armed with clubs and bayonets beat the Jews as they were leaving the building according to Morgenthau. Outside the theatre, Jews were assaulted by the right-wing mob again. Jewish homes and shops were damaged. During the pogrom four Jews were killed and a large number wounded, wrote Morgenthau. "A number of civilians have been indicted for participation in this excess", but have not been brought to trial by the time, his report was delivered.
Kielce pogrom (disambiguation)
Kielce pogrom may refer to:
Kielce
Kielce ([ˈkʲɛlt͡sɛ] [kee-ELT-sa]; Yiddish: קעלץ, Keltz) is a city in south central Poland with 199,475 inhabitants (June 2014). It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939, 1945–1998). The city is located in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), at the banks of Silnica river, in northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland. Kielce was once an important centre of limestone mining.
History
The area of Kielce has been inhabited since at least the 5th century BC. Until the 6th or 7th century the banks of the Silnica were inhabited by Celts. They were driven out by a Slavic tribe of Vistulans who started hunting in the nearby huge forests and had settled most of the area now known as Małopolska and present-day Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The lands of Wiślanie were at first subdued by Bohemia, however they soon came under the control of the Piast dynasty and became a part of Poland. According to a local legend, Mieszko, son of Boleslaus II of Poland dreamt he was attacked by a band of brigands in a forest. In the dream he saw a vision of Saint Adalbert who drew a winding line which turned into a stream. When Mieszko woke up, he found the Silnica River whose waters helped him regain strength. He also discovered huge white tusks of an unknown animal. Mieszko announced he would build a town and a church to St. Adalbert at that site. According to this legend, the town's name Kielce commemorates the mysterious tusks (kieł in Polish).
Kielce (disambiguation)
Kielce may refer to:
See also
Kielce (parliamentary constituency)
Kielce is a Polish parliamentary constituency that is coterminous with the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It elects sixteen members of the Sejm and three members of the Senate.
The district has the number '33' for elections to the Sejm and '32' for elections to the Senate, and is named after the city of Kielce. It includes the counties of Kielce, Ostrowiec, Starachowice, Jędrzejów, Końskie, Sandomierz, Skarżysko, Staszów, Busko, Opatów, Włoszczowa, Pińczów, and Kazimierza and the city county of Kielce.
