Kibbutz

A kibbutz (Hebrew: קִבּוּץ / קיבוץ, lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural kibbutzim) is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a kibbutznik (Hebrew: קִבּוּצְנִיק).

In 2010, there were 270 kibbutzim in Israel. Their factories and farms account for 9% of Israel's industrial output, worth US$8 billion, and 40% of its agricultural output, worth over $1.7 billion. Some Kibbutzim had also developed substantial high-tech and military industries. For example, in 2010, Kibbutz Sasa, containing some 200 members, generated $850 million in annual revenue from its military-plastics industry.

Kibbutz (film)

Kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ) is a 2005 Israeli documentary directed by Racheli Schwartz about Kibbutz Hulata, where she lived for 30 years.

Schwartz follows various members, including her own family, over the course of five years, tracing the stages of grieving and disillusionment that follow the kibbutz's economic collapse and disintegration as the community reduces its communal commitment to its members. Three older women from the founding generation become symbols of the kibbutz’s lost ideals and abandoned history, as they die off, one by one.

For the director, the narrative is a very personal story and admits early on that “making the movie helped me to decide to stay.”

References

External links

Kibbutz (album)

Kibbutz is an album by the Japanese noise band Merzbow, then composed of Masami Akita and Kiyoshi Mizutani. The album was released on tape format and was limited to 500 copies with the earliest copies wrapped in normal tissue paper with red splotches around it.

It was reissued in 2012 by Urashima in a limited edition of 199 copies, remastered from the original Ampex tape and press on white vinyl.

Track Listing

Credits

Pressing History

References