Reading (MBTA station)

Reading is a commuter rail station in Reading, Massachusetts, United States, on the Haverhill/Reading Line of the Massachusetts Bay Commuter Railroad, a branch of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). It is located at Lincoln and High Streets on the western fringe of the town's central business district.

The station's historic depot building was built in 1870 to service the Boston and Maine Railroad and was the former terminus of the line before its extension to Haverhill. The MBTA purchased the Haverhill Line in 1973, intending to replace commuter rail service with extended Orange Line subway service between Oak Grove and Reading. This plan was rejected by riders who desired to retain commuter rail service. The second track was not rebuilt through the station when the outbound platform was built, so the inbound platform serves trains in both directions. Despite this limited capacity, Reading is the terminus for some local trains on the line.

Architecture and building history

Reading (process)

Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement. In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe. Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation. Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).

Kelp

Kelps are large seaweeds (algae) belonging to the brown algae (Phaeophyceae) in the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera.

Kelp grows in "underwater forests" (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 23 to 5 million years ago. The organisms require nutrient-rich water with temperatures between 6 and 14 °C (43 and 57 °F). They are known for their high growth rate — the genera Macrocystis and Nereocystis can grow as fast as half a metre a day, ultimately reaching 30 to 80 metres (100 to 260 ft).

Through the 19th century, the word "kelp" was closely associated with seaweeds that could be burned to obtain soda ash (primarily sodium carbonate). The seaweeds used included species from both the orders Laminariales and Fucales. The word "kelp" was also used directly to refer to these processed ashes.

Description

In most kelp, the thallus (or body) consists of flat or leaf-like structures known as blades. Blades originate from elongated stem-like structures, the stipes. The holdfast, a root-like structure, anchors the kelp to the substrate of the ocean. Gas-filled bladders (pneumatocysts) form at the base of blades of American species, such as Nereocystis lueteana, (Mert. & Post & Rupr.) to hold the kelp blades close to the surface.

KELP (AM)

KELP (1590 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of El Paso, Texas, USA. The station broadcasts a Christian radio format to the greater El Paso metropolitan area. The station is currently owned by McClatchey Broadcasting. KELP airs a mix of local and syndicated programming, including several shows from the Moody Bible Institute. The station was known as KINT until May 7, 1979, when it became KKOL. In the early 1980s it switched to the KELP call sign.

According to FCC records, the station went off the air on July 12, 2006, and returned on February 15, 2008. The station received special temporary authority during at least part of the time noted.

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