Kalhora dynasty

Kalhora Dynasty or Kalhoro Dynasty (Sindhi: ڪلهوڙا راڄ‎) ruled Sindh and other parts of present-day Pakistan. This dynasty was founded by Kalhora clan that ruled Sindh from 1701 to 1783. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg and later formed their own dynasty, but they were known as the Kalhora Nawabs by the Mughal Emperors.

The Kalhora Dynasty succumbed to the Qizilbash during the invasion of Nadir Shah. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro reorganized and consolidated his power, but his son lost control of Sindh and was overthrown by Talpurs Amirs. Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro was the last Kalhoro ruler.

Kalhora rule of Sindh begins in the year 1701 A.D when Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was invested with title of Khuda Yar Khan and was made governor of Upper Sindh sarkar by royal decree of Mughals. Later, he was made governor of Siwi through imperial decree. He founded a new city Khudabad after he obtained from Aurangzeb a grant of the tract between the Indus and the Nara and made it capital of his kingdom. Thenceforth, Mian Yar Muhammad became one of the imperial agents or governors. Later he extended his rule to Sehwan and Bukkur and became sole ruler of Northern and central Sindh except Thatto which was still under administrative control of Mughal Empire.

Kalhora

The 'Kalhoro/Kalhora' (written in Sindhi: 'ڪلهوڙو/ڪلهوڙا') is a Sindhi clan of Abbasi tribe. They are the descendants of Hazrat Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (رضي الله عنه) Paternal Uncle and Sahabi (Companion) of Islamic Prophet Muhammed محمدﷺ.

The Kalhora Dynasty (ڪلهوڙا راڄ) ruled Sindh and some parts of the Modern Punjab of Pakistan for over a century (1701 - 1783) CE. The Era of Kalhora dynasty is known as - Golden Times for Sindh. Many prominent personalities of Sindh is born and flourished in this era, the Poet of Sindh Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai famous for his Shah Jo Risalo (شاھ جو رسالو) is amongst the production of Kalhora dynasty.

Arrival in Sindh

It is cited in Tareekh-e-Sindh Kalhora Daur, Part I:

The Abbasi Leader Al-Qaim Abbasi descendant of Abbasid caliph of Cairo Al-Mustansir II arrived in 1366 CE in Sindh to enforce the law of the Caliphate and to work with the rulers of the local tribe. In 1370 CE Ahmed also arrived in Sindh to assist his brother.

Al-Ahmed Abbasi married with the daughter of Rai King Dohrang Sahta, and received one third of Sindh Province in dowry. Fathu'llah Khan Abbasi great great grandson of Al-Ahmed Abbasi, conquer the territory Dallu of Alor and Bhamanabad from Bhangar. and renamed the territory to Qahir Bela. In 1583, Fathu'llah's son, Chenai Khan Abbasi, entered in imperial services as a panch hazari in the Mughal forces.