The Republic and Canton of the Jura (French: République et Canton du Jura), also known as the Canton of Jura or Canton Jura, is one of the cantons of Switzerland. It is the newest (created in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capital is Delémont. It shares borders with the Canton of Basel-Landschaft, the Canton of Bern, the Canton Neuchâtel, the Canton of Solothurn and the French département of Doubs.
The King of Burgundy donated much of the land that today makes up Canton Jura to the Bishop of Basel in 999. The area was a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire for more than 800 years. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 the Jura had close ties with the Swiss Confederation. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the Jura region became part of the canton of Bern. This act caused dissention. The Jura was French-speaking and Roman Catholic, whereas the canton of Bern was mostly German-speaking and Protestant.
Canton may refer to:
Canton is a charter township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located about 8 miles (13 km) west of the city limits of Detroit and 8 miles (13 km) east of the city limits of Ann Arbor. As of the 2010 census, the township had a population of 90,173, making it Michigan's second largest township and eleventh largest community. Canton is one of Michigan's fastest growing communities.
Canton is a square charge placed in the upper dexter corner. It is classed by some heraldic writers as one of the honorable ordinaries; but, strictly speaking, it is a diminutive of the Quarter, being two-thirds the area of that ordinary. However, in the roll of Henry III the quarter appears in several coats which in later rolls are blazoned as cantons. The canton, like the quarter, appears in early armory, and is always shown with straight lines.
A canton sinister is a canton placed on the sinister side of the shield.
The chequer, a pane of the field of chequy, can be considered a diminutive of the canton, though it cannot be a charge on its own.
An "enlarged sinister canton" appears in the arms of William Wilde Lotter.
A plain, uncharged canton (sometimes a canton voided is also used this way) can be used as a mark of distinction, that is, not a mark of peculiar honour, but a mark denoting that the bearer is a stranger in blood. For example, a groom, not descended from the bride's family, adopting the bride's last name after the marriage, might upon receipt of a Royal Licence permitting this, use the bride's family's coat of arms with an uncharged canton or canton voided.
Jura wine, is French wine produced in the Jura département. Located between Burgundy and Switzerland, this cool climate wine region produces wines with some similarity to Burgundy and Swiss wine. Jura wines are distinctive and unusual wines, the most famous being vin jaune, which is made by a similar process to Sherry, developing under a flor-like strain of yeast. This is made from the local Savagnin grape variety. Other grape varieties include Poulsard, Trousseau, and Chardonnay. Other wine styles found in Jura includes a vin de paille made from Chardonnay, Poulsard and Savagnin, a sparkling Crémant du Jura made from slightly unripe Chardonnay grapes, and a vin de liqueur known as Macvin du Jura made by adding marc to halt fermentation. The French chemist Louis Pasteur was born and raised in the Jura region and owned a vineyard near Arbois that is still producing wine today under the management of Jura's largest wine firms: Henri-Maire.
The climate of Jura is continental with many similarities to Burgundy but can be more aggressively cold, especially in the winter time. Ripeness levels of the grapes is always a concern for winemakers of the area and harvest times are often delayed as long as possible (usually well into late October) to try to achieve the highest levels possible. To help lessen the threat of autumn frost, grapevines are often trained to the Guyot system.
Jura (/ˈdʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Diùra [ˈtʲuːɾə]) is an island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, adjacent and to the north-east of Islay. Compared with its fertile and more populous neighbour, Jura is mountainous, bare and infertile, covered largely by vast areas of blanket bog, hence its small population. In a list of the islands of Scotland ranked by size, Jura comes eighth, whereas ranked by population it comes thirty-first. It is in the council area of Argyll and Bute.
Evidence of settlements on Jura dating from the Mesolithic period was first uncovered by the English archaeologist John Mercer in the 1960s. There is evidence of Neolithic settlement at Poll a' Cheo in the southwest of the island. The modern name "Jura" dates from the Norse-Gael era and is from the Old Norse Dyrøy meaning "beast [wild animal] island".
In the sixth century, it is believed that Jura may have been the location of Hinba, the island to which the Irish founder of the Christian Church in Scotland Saint Columba retreated for prayer and contemplation from the monastic community which he founded on Iona.
Juraszczyk (Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Czech and Slovak transliteration: Juraščik; Eastern Cyrillic forms: Юрашчык, Юращик; Serbian Cyrillic and Macedonian transcript: Јурашчик) is a Polish surname of Yugoslav origin.
The last name itself is Polish, found almost exclusively among people of Polish descent, however its roots reach the territories of Serbia and Montenegro. It was derived from the name 'Juras' (Croatian: 'Juraj', Romanian: 'Jura') which appeared mostly in Moravia, although in countries like Serbia, Croatia and Slovakia it was also met as 'Juraš' (that is Jurasz, or Jurash), what clearly indicates on its ancestry. It is a patronymic surname created from an old local dialect and comes from Greek 'Georgios', meaning 'George' (in Polish: 'Jerzy').
Many forms of the ‘Juraš’ surname, that is the main part of 'Juraszczyk', occur in many forms not only in Poland, Serbia, Croatia and Slovakia, but also for instance in Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and the former Soviet Union countries, like Ukraine or Moldova. Moreover, there are such Italian surnames as Gjuras, Giuras and Giurassi, which are believed to be cognate with the South Slavic ‘Juras’ and 'Đuras'.
