Jund

Under the early Caliphates, jund (Arabic: جند; plural ajnad, اجناد) was a term for a military division, which became applied to Arab military colonies in the conquered lands and, most notably, to the provinces into which Greater Syria (the Levant) was divided. The term later acquired various meanings throughout the Muslim world.

Origin and evolution of the term

The term jund is of Iranian origin, and appears in the Quran to designate an armed troop. Under the Umayyad Caliphate it came to be applied in a more technical sense to "military settlements and districts in which were quartered Arab soldiers who could be mobilized for seasonal campaigns or for more protracted expeditions" as well as the "corresponding army corps" (D. Sourdel).

Gradually, however, and aside from its technical use for the provinces of Syria (see below), the term acquired a broader meaning of the entire armed forces of a state. Thus one of the caliphal fiscal departments, the diwan al-jund, administered the pay and provisions of the army. In addition, the geographers of the 9th–10th centuries used the term ajnad as an equivalent of amṣar or large towns.

JunD

Transcription factor JunD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUND gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a member of the JUN family, and a functional component of the AP1 transcription factor complex. It has been proposed to protect cells from p53-dependent senescence and apoptosis. Alternate translation initiation site usage results in the production of different isoforms.

ΔJunD

The dominant negative mutant variant of JunD, known as ΔJunD or Delta JunD, is a potent antagonist of the ΔFosB transcript, as well as other forms of AP-1-mediated transcriptional activity. In the nucleus accumbens, ΔJunD directly opposes many of the neurological changes that occur in addiction, i.e., those induced by ΔFosB. ΔFosB inhibitors (drugs that oppose its action) may be an effective treatment for addiction and addictive disorders (e.g., those which induce expression of ΔJunD in the nucleus accumbens).

Interactions

JunD has been shown to interact with ATF3,MEN1,DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and BRCA1.

Podcasts:

PLAYLIST TIME:

7 Nights - 7 Days

by: Jeanette

Hey, like a fallen angel I was on your side
You lighted the fire deep in my soul
Do you remember the stars shining bright?
I should retire under your control
In seven nights and days
Oh, you didn't think your thing would come crashing down
In seven lonely dreams
Oh, I know that you're not the one I'm waiting for
Seven nights, seven days
Seven nights, I carried the can
'Cause I let you go, all our bridges were burned
Oh boy, it's on the cards, I don't wanna return
Seven nights, seven days
Seven nights, you blew your chance
Love was not forever in your heart
Due to that we have to live apart
Nothing's forever, no use to try
There's no solution, don't make me blue
We tried together, I kiss you goodbye
This endless confusion should not come true
In seven nights and days
Oh, you didn't think your thing would come crashing down
In seven lonely dreams
Oh, I know that you're not the one that I'm waiting for
Seven nights, seven days
Seven nights, I carried the can
'Cause I let you go, all our bridges were burned
Oh boy, it's on the cards, I don't wanna return
Seven nights, seven days
Seven nights, you blew your chance
Love was not forever in your heart
Due to that we have to live apart
Seven nights, seven days
Seven nights, I carried the can
'Cause I let you go, all our bridges were burned
Oh boy, it's on the cards, I don't wanna return
Seven nights, seven days
Seven nights, you blew your chance
Love was not forever in your heart
Due to that we have to live apart




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