Juhan Liiv (30 April [O.S. 18 April] 1864 in Alatskivi – 1 December [O.S. 18 November] 1913) in Kavastu-Koosa) is one of Estonia's most famous poets.
Liiv was born into an extremely poor family in the village of Alatskivi, Tartu County, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire. Despite their poverty, Liiv's parents sent him to Tartu to study at the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium. Physical illness forced Liiv to leave school and return home, where he wrote poetry and occasional columns for the Olevik newspaper. His poetry starkly contrasted that of his contemporaries, and was therefore largely ignored.
Liiv finally achieved success in 1894 when his first short story, Vari (The Shadow), was published. It was dark and gloomy, foreshadowing his future works of both prose and poetry. Many readers draw a comparison between Liiv and the main character of the story, Villu, who is physically weak but strong in mind.
Liiv continued to write several more short stories, but none are as famous as Vari.