Jiu jitsu

Jiu jitsu or jiu-jitsu may refer to:

The Jitsu Foundation

The Jitsu Foundation or TJF is a national-level association of sports clubs headquartered in the United Kingdom, but also has affiliated organisations in other countries around the world (Australia, Canada, Cyprus, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, USA, Argentina). Focusing on standing throws and locks using weakening strikes to assist, the style taught within the association is known as Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu (少林寺完柔術).

Style

Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu is taught as a self-defence system which acknowledges that situations may include multiple armed or unarmed opponents, rather than a single "one on one" officiated match. Joint locks and throws, complemented by weakening strikes, are employed to deal with attackers in an efficient way. In most cases, a practising pair will include an Uke and a Tori in which the Uke launches an attack and the Tori defends. The style includes some treatment of groundwork (newaza) however to a far lesser degree than some sports-based styles of jujutsu. Much of the competition focus of styles such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Judo is ignored in favour of maintaining awareness of the complete surroundings with all possible threats considered. The commonly held prescriptions of "clean fighting" are disregarded in the Jitsu Foundation and the use of all advantages available (including groin strikes, hair pulling, spinal locks, eye rakes, and to a small extent nerve points) is encouraged - although in competitions such as the Randori Nationals, these are not employed. The style has adopted the name 'jitsu', a shortened version of 'jiu jitsu,' or 'jujutsu.'

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Jiu

Jiu or JIU may refer to :

See also

Jiu River

The Jiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ʒiw], Latin: Rabon) is a river in southern Romania. It is formed near Petroșani by the junction of headwaters Jiul de Vest and Jiul de Est.

It flows southward through the Romanian counties Hunedoara, Gorj and Dolj before flowing into the Danube a few kilometers upstream from the Bulgarian city of Oryahovo, 339 kilometers from its sources. It has a basin of 10,080 km².

The upper Jiu Valley, around Petroșani and Lupeni, is Romania’s principal coal mining region.

History

Historically, the Jiu River was also called Rhabon by the Dacian people.

Towns and cities

The following towns are situated along the river Jiu, from source to mouth: Petroșani (Jiul de Est), Lupeni (Jiul de Vest), Bumbești-Jiu, Târgu Jiu, Turceni, Filiași, Craiova.

Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Jiu:

Left: Jiul de Est, Izvorul, Polatiștea, Valea Radului, Pârâul Alb, Păiușu, Chițiu, Rafallo, Sadu, Curpenoasa, Bârcaciu, Tetila, Iazu Topilelor, Hodinău, Amaradia, Cioiana, Ceplea, Gilort, Țânțăreni, Cârnești, Brădești, Amaradia, Valea Fetii, Valea Șarpelui, Preajba, Lumașu, Leu, Gioroc

Chinese alcoholic beverages

Chinese alcoholic beverages seem to precede the earliest stages of Chinese civilization. They include rice and grape wine, beer, and various liquors including baijiu, the most-consumed distilled spirit in the world.

Name

"酒", pinyin: Jiǔ, is the Chinese character referring to any beverage containing appreciable quantities of ethanol. Its Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as *tsuʔ, at which point it was generally applied to drinks made from fermented millet. By the time of the first certain use of distillation during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, the Middle Chinese pronunciation was tsjuw. It is often translated into English as "wine", which misstates its current usage. In present-day Mandarin, jiǔ most commonly refers to pure alcohol, hard liquors, and strong rice wine, while wine and beer are distinguished as pútáojiǔ (葡萄酒, lit. "grape jiu") and píjiǔ (啤酒, "'beer' jiu"), respectively.

Nonetheless, there are many cultural parallels with the use of wine in European culture. Chinese food employs jiǔ in its recipes and formal dining in an analogous manner; likewise, there are many parallels in upper-class etiquette and religious observance. It appears prominently in all of the Chinese classics, including the Rites of Zhou and the Record of Rites, and has been a constant theme of Chinese poetry since its origins, all similar to the treatment of wine in Europe.